Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Jan 22, 2021; 12(1): 1-13
Published online Jan 22, 2021. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v12.i1.1
Table 1 The mean concentration difference (%) of ischemic metabolites between the anastomosis and non-anastomosis (anastomosis/non-anastomosis) ileum and colon
Glucose
Lactate
Glycerol
Pyruvate
Lactate/pyruvate
Time
Ileum (%)
Colon (%)
Ileum (%)
Colon (%)
Ileum (%)
Colon (%)
Ileum (%)
Colon (%)
Ileum (%)
Colon (%)
1068 (47; 89)28 (13; 44)119 (88; 149)186 (79; 293)77 (65; 88)110 (68; 151)90 (74; 106)78 (30; 126)134 (99; 170)327 (129; 526)
3066 (46; 85)35 (19; 51)110 (63;157)183 (72; 294)75 (64; 87)120 (67; 173)84 (73; 95)86 (39; 133)135 (76; 194)252 (148; 356)
5069 (48; 90)38 (21; 55)101 (59; 143)173 (79; 266)71 (63; 79)122 (80; 163)83 (69; 97)88 (44; 132)133 (60; 205)241 (133; 348)
7569 (52; 86)40 (24; 56)92 (61; 123)162 (92; 232)70 (62; 78)98 (56; 140)77 (67; 87)94 (58; 131)123 (76; 171)199 (120; 277)
10567 (46; 89)42 (19; 64)78 (54; 101)170 (108; 232)80 (63; 98)91 (62; 121)77 (61; 93)105 (65; 146)108 (71; 145)205 (90; 320)
13572 (46; 98)37 (12; 61)77 (58; 96)167 (127; 206)73 (61; 86)102 (67; 137)82 (64; 100)119 (68; 170)98 (77; 118)202 (71; 334)
16572 (44; 101)33 (12; 53)74 (56; 92)166 (121; 212)78 (63; 94)98 (65; 130)85 (73; 98)121 (73; 168)89 (66; 112)178 (78; 278)
21066 (26; 106)30 (11; 49)86 (63; 108)141 (118; 165)74 (59; 88)111 (71; 152)78 (59; 96)111 (61; 160)114 (93; 135)176 (86; 266)
27089 (39; 139)49 (23; 76)75 (57; 94)126 (105; 147)78 (64; 92)131 (73; 189)85 (73; 96)115 (57; 173)96 (61; 130)165 (75; 255)
33098 (63; 133)42 (22; 61)95 (65; 126)131 (79; 184)81 (63; 99)130 (75; 185)89 (78; 100)90 (56; 125)107 (79; 135)152 (112; 193)
45065 (10; 119)29 (17; 40)99 (44; 155)120 (58; 182)87 (67; 107)148 (87; 209)99 (76; 122)98 (59; 137)100 (57; 144)178 (89; 268)
Values are shown as means (95% confidence interval).
Table 2 The mean concentration of ischemic metabolites for both non-anastomosis and anastomosis ileum
Glucose
Lactate
Glycerol
Pyruvate
Lactate/pyruvate
Time
Ileum
Ileum anastomosis
Ileum
Ileum anastomosis
Ileum
Ileum anastomosis
Ileum
Ileum anastomosis
Ileum
Ileum anastomosis
101.63 (1.11; 2.15)1.03 (0.70; 1.35)0.86 (0.65; 1.06)0.99 (0.68; 1.31)62.29 (52.23; 72.34)47.00 (38.06; 55.94)65.00 (57.58; 72.42)57.86 (47.66; 68.05)13.00 (10.90; 15.11)17.94 (10.50; 25.37)
301.45 (0.99; 1.90)0.85 (0.65; 1.05)0.82 (0.61; 1.03)0.87 (0.52; 1.22)63.29 (56.37; 70.20)47.00 (40.42; 53.58)62.00 (54.03; 69.97)51.14 (44.50; 57.79)13.20 (10.43; 15.96)17.05 (9.83; 24.28)
501.41 (0.85; 1.96)0.83 (0.64; 1.03)0.81 (0.61; 1.01)0.79 (0.50; 1.08)63.57 (55.13; 72.02)44.86 (37.85; 51.86)60.29 (50.19; 70.38)48.43 (42.28; 54.58)13.52 (11.36; 15.69)16.68 (9.45; 23.93)
751.28 (0.78; 1.79)0.80 (0.64; 0.96)0.84 (0.70; 0.99)0.77 (0.51; 1.03)59.29 (52.26; 66.31)41.14 (35.48; 46.81)57.14 (49.82; 64.45)43.43 (37.29; 49.57)14.71 (13.25; 16.18)17.55 (12.25; 22.85)
1051.01 (0.82; 1.21)0.64 (0.47; 0.81)0.97 (0.71; 1.23)0.71 (0.51; 0.91)57.71 (49.13; 66.30)45.57 (34.14; 57.00)57.43 (47.06; 67.80)43.14 (34.92; 51.36)16.87 (13.03; 20.71)17.12 (12.20; 22.04)
1350.82 (0.69; 0.96)0.58 (0.37; 0.79)1.06 (0.74; 1.37)0.77 (0.56; 0.98)63.00 (53.30; 72.70)46.14 (34.93; 57.36)58.29 (44.04; 72.53)45.86 (35.97; 55.74)17.99 (15.12; 20.86)16.98 (13.88; 20.08)
1650.96 (0.62; 1.30)0.69 (0.38; 1.00)1.09 (0.82; 1.36)0.78 (0.57; 0.99)64.42 (51.05; 77.81)48.29 (38.94; 57.63)57.43 (45.68; 69.18)47.86 (39.49; 56.22)19.31 (15.34; 23.28)16.14 (12.64; 19.64)
2100.98 (0.55; 1.41)0.55 (0.23; 0.87)1.13 (0.83; 1.42)0.93 (0.67; 1.18)71.00 (48.40; 93.60)51.86 (33.18; 70.54)62.57 (51.12; 74.02)47.71 (36.57; 58.86)18.04 (14.11; 21.97)19.54 (16.66; 22.42)
2700.88 (0.34; 1.43)0.59 (0.25; 0.92)1.41 (0.95; 1.88)0.99 (0.71; 1.23)79.29 (51.38; 107.19)57.86 (42.24; 73.47)69.86 (57.67; 82.04)58.14 (48.69; 67.60)20.24 (14.07; 26.40)17.12 (13.21; 21.03)
3301.43 (0.34; 2.52)0.96 (0.39; 1.53)1.44 (0.95; 1.93)1.27 (0.82; 1.72)77.57 (54.66; 100.48)58.14 (46.42; 69.87)74.71 (57.03; 92.13)65.86 (49.75; 81.96)19.68 (13.31; 26.05)18.58 (15.32; 21.83)
4500.67 (0.41; 0.93)0.52 (0.22; 0.82)1.36 (1.02; 1.69)1.14 (0.73; 1.55)67.14 (48.62; 85.67)55.14 (43.26; 67.03)63.67 (50.17; 77.17)58.86 (45.97; 71.74)21.83 (16.66; 27.01)18.74 (15.13; 22.35)
Values are given as means (95% confidence interval). Glucose and lactate concentrations are given as mmol/L. Glycerol and pyruvate concentrations are given as µmol/L.
Table 3 The mean concentration of ischemic metabolites for both non-anastomosis and anastomosis colon
Glucose
Lactate
Glycerol
Pyruvate
Lactate/pyruvate
Time
Colon
Colon anastomosis
Colon
Colon anastomosis
Colon
Colon anastomosis
Colon
Colon anastomosis
Colon
Colon anastomosis
102.63 (1.06; 4.21)0.58 (0.23; 0.93)1.65 (1.36; 1.94)3.22 (1.21; 5.23)99.86 (72.69; 127.02)118.00 (55.70; 180.30)115.71(79.45; 151.98)85.83 (31.36; 140.31)16.02 (11.05; 21.00)61.18 (11.78; 110.57)
302.21 (1.15; 3.27)0.62 (0.19; 1.05)1.60 (1.38; 1.82)2.85 (0.98; 4.72)96.29 (70.78; 121.79)114.50 (56.00; 173.00)104.29 (81.34; 126.83)86.83 (40.02; 133.64)16.56 (12.16; 20.95)43.94 (18.28; 69.59)
502.13 (1.12; 3.14)0.75 (0.07; 1.42)1.48 (1.21; 1.74)2.43 (0.95; 3.91)91.29 (65.75; 116.82)110.50 (55.85; 165.15)91.57 (75.05; 108.10)78.00 (37.62; 118.38)17.21 (11.91; 22.52)44.01 (14.62; 73.41)
752.09 (1.02; 3.16)0.92 (-0.01; 1.86)1.36 (1.07; 1.66)2.07 (1.01; 3.13)89.00 (69.11; 108.89)92.33 (42.55; 142.11)81.71 (70.21; 93.22)76.33 (41.95; 110.72)17.14 (12.41; 21.88)35.87 (13.91; 57.84)
1051.73 (1.14; 2.31)0.77 (0.08; 1.45)1.29 (1.06; 1.51)2.06 (1.23; 2.88)93.71 (69.64; 117.79)91.17 (47.73; 134.60)75.00 (62.82; 87.18)76.17 (43.34; 109.00)17.96 (13.26; 22.67)37.02 (14.28; 59.75)
1351.55 (1.10; 1.99)0.65 (0.12; 1.18)1.35 (1.08; 1.62)2.14 (1.46; 2.81)99.00 (68.25; 129.75)99.17 (54.54; 143.80)71.86 (57.66; 86.06)81.17 (41.82; 120.50)20.51 (13.46; 27.55)40.10 (12.97; 67.24)
1651.54 (1.04; 2.05)0.53 (0.22; 0.84)1.52 (1.21; 1.84)2.40 (1.47; 3.32)95.00 (65.60; 124.40)94.67 (51.95; 137.39)75.14 (57.85; 92.44)84.33 (47.06; 121.61)22.10 (14.74; 29.46)39.03 (15.89; 62.17)
2101.53 (0.65; 2.41)0.43 (0.15; 0.70)1.89 (1.50; 2.29)2.46 (1.91; 3.00)103.43 (64.19;142.67)103.83 (62.12; 145.55)88.00 (63.70; 112.30)87.50 (43.41; 131.59)23.57 (16.49; 30.65)41.06 (18.57; 63.54)
2701.00 (0.56; 1.43)0.48 (0.09; 0.88)2.07 (1.75; 2.39)2.51 (1.97; 3.06)100.00 (66.94; 133.06)114.50 (69.08; 159.92)94.86 (60.15; 129.57)88.67 (45.00; 132.34)21.90 (16.58; 27.21)41.39 (17.54; 65.25)
3301.51 (0.35; 2.68)0.70 (-0.36; 1.75)2.59 (1.92; 3.27)2.90 (1.85; 3.96)94.57 (74.34; 114.80)109.83 (69.68; 149.98)104.43 (70.89; 137.97)82.5 (49.76; 115.24)22.34 (15.05; 29.63)39.43 (23.56; 55.30)
4500.62 (0.28; 0.96)0.15 (0.11; 0.20)2.49 (2.19; 2.78)2.89 (1.54; 4.23)80.43 (59.32; 101.53)110.67 (63.49; 157.84)94.00 (52.20; 135.80)75.17 (43.75; 106.59)22.44 (18.23; 26.65)40.55 (28.83; 52.27)
Values are given as means (95% confidence interval). Glucose and lactate concentrations are given as mmol/L. Glycerol and pyruvate concentrations are given as µmol/L.
Table 4 The time with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (8 µg/mL) in min for plasma and for both anastomosis and non-anastomosis ileum and colon
Compartment
Non-anastomosis
Anastomosis
P values
Plasma116 (96; 135)--
Ileum120 (101; 140)116 (97; 136)0.61
Colon126 (106; 145)128 (108; 148)0.77
Time shown as means (95% confidence interval).
Table 5 Pharmacokinetic parameters for plasma and for both non-anastomosis and anastomosis ileum and colon
Compartment
Non-anastomosis
Anastomosis
P value
Plasma AUC (min μg/mL)4849 (4003; 5786)a--
Ileum AUC (min μg/mL)3678 (2786; 4570)3327 (2436; 4219)0.28
Colon AUC (min μg/mL)4219 (3327; 5110)3542 (2622; 4462)0.61
Plasma Cmax (μg/mL)147 (131; 163)b--
Ileum Cmax (μg/mL)51 (35; 66)46 (30; 62)0.65
Colon Cmax (μg/mL)58 (42; 74)39 (22; 56)0.08
Plasma Tmax (min)10 (5; 15)b--
Ileum Tmax (min)28 (23; 32)28 (23; 32)1.00
Colon Tmax (min)25 (20; 30)33 (27; 38)0.03
Plasma T1/2 (min)58 (44; 73)--
Ileum T1/2 (min)54 (39; 68)52 (37; 66)0.70
Colon T1/2 (min)53 (38; 67)66 (52; 81)0.02
Ileum AUCtissue/AUCplasma0.74 (0.57; 0.91)0.68 (0.50; 0.85)0.56
Colon AUCtissue/AUCplasma0.90 (73; 1.07)0.72 (0.53; 0.90)0.12
AUC, Cmax, Tmax, and T1/2 are given as means (95% confidence interval).
aP = 0.01 for comparison with all compartments but not non-anastomosis colon.
bP < 0.01 for comparison with all compartments.
AUC: Area under the concentration–time curve from; Cmax: Peak drug concentration; Tmax: Time to Cmax; T1/2: Half-life; AUCtissue/AUCplasma: Area under the concentration-time curve ratio of tissue/plasma.