Preoperative [18]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography in early stage breast cancer: Rates of distant metastases

Table 1 Prevalence of distant metastases in patients with invasive breast cancer who had [18]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scan as part of the workup before or immediately after surgery

Ref.	Subjects, n	Stage	Age, median	Histology	Tumor grade	Tumor receptors	Distant metastases	2nd primaries
Groheux et al[17]	131	II: 84	NS	IDC: 114	1: 9	ER+: 82	5.90% (II)	1% (II)
		III: 47		ILC: 8	2: 5	HER2+: 30
		T1: 2		Other: 9	3: 53
		T2: 71			NS: 4
		T3: 58
		N0: 50
		N1: 59
		N2: 18
Bernsdorf et al[18]	103	T2 or	55	IDC: 83	1: 11	ER+: 74	8%	1.90%
		higher	(24-81)	ILC: 14	2: 54	HER+: 22
				Other: 6	3: 37	TN: 13
					NS: 1
Choi et al[19]	154	I: 69	52	IDC: 141	NS: 154	NS	8.40%	NS
		II: 51	(30-81)	ILC: 4
		III: 21		Other: 9
		IV: 13
		T1: 89
		T2: 51
		T3: 14
Garami et al[20]	115	T1: 56	55.7	IDC: 92	1: 16	ER+: 89	6.90%	2.60%
		T2: 48		ILC: 11	2: 50	ER-: 26
		NS: 11		Other: 12	3: 48
		N0: 57			NS: 1
		N+: 46
		NS: 12
Groves et al[21]	70	T1: 34	61	IDC: 45	1: 02	ER+: 64	2.80%	NS
		T2: 30		ILC: 10	2: 33	HER+: 15
		N1: 24		Other: 5	3: 25
Gunalp et al[22]	141	I: 19	47	NS	2 + 3: 141	NS	5% (I)	NS
		II: 100	(28-78)				30% (II)
		III: 14
Pritchard et al[23]	325	T1: 207	56	IDC: 290	1: 68	NS	1.50%	NS
		T2: 110	(28-83)	ILC: 35	2: 158
		T3: 8			3: 92
		N0: 325
Cochet et al[24]	142	II: 79	51	IDC: 128	1+2: 81	ER+/HER2-: 63	7.5% (II)	NS
		III: 46	(25-85)	ILC: 11	3: 56	HER2+: 33
		IV: 17		Other: 3	NS: 3	TN: 31
		T2 or
		Higher
Jeong et al[25]	178	N0: 178	54.9	IDC: 145	NS	NS	0%	2.80%
		T1: 108	(33-82)	ILC: 11
		T2: 64		DCIS: 12
		T3: 6		Other: 10
Koolen et al[26]	62	I: 35	59.8	IDC: 58	1: 21	ER+/HER2-: 48	16%	3%
		II: 25	(26-75)	ILC: 1	2: 29	TN: 7
		III: 2		Other: 3	3: 09	HER2+: 7
		T1: 62			NS: 3
Riedl et al[27]	134	I: 20	36.2	IDC: 124	1: 01	ER+/HER2-: 75	5% (I)	4%
		II: 91	(22-39)	ILC: 1	2: 23	HER2+: 26	10.9% (II)
		III: 19		Other: 9	3: 110
Zhang et al[28]	164	T1: 127	45	IDL: 150	1: 23	ER+: 140	4.80%	NS
		T2: 35	(21-70)	ILC: 14	2-3: 141	HER2+: 18
		T3: 2
		N0: 123
		N1: 29
		N2: 9
		N3: 3
Hogan et al[29]	146	I: 8	57	ILC: 146	NS	ER+/HER2-: 132	0% (I)	NS
		II: 50	(34-92)			HER2+: 8	4% (II)
		III: 88				TN: 5
Krammer et al[30]	101	II: 75	54	IDC: 80	1: 05	ER+: 67	15.80%	NS
		III: 15		ILC: 15	2: 48	HER2+: 56
		IV: 11		Other: 9	3: 45
		T1: 7			NS: 6
		T2: 69
		T3: 4
		T4: 5
Nursal et al[31]	419	I: 104	51.5	IDC: 305	NS	NS	2.9% (I)	NS
		II: 315		ILC: 29			12.4% (II)
		T1: 127		Other: 85
		T2: 270
		T3: 20
Ulaner et al[32]	232	I: 23	51	IDC: 217	2: 8	TN: 232	0% (I)	NS
		II: 169	(25-93)	ILC: 2	3: 217		10% (II)
		III: 40			NS: 7
Lebon et al[33]	214	I: 24	45.2	IDC: 181	1: 13	HR+/HER2-: 89	8.3% (I)	NS
		II: 124		ILC: 10	2: 68	HER2+: 61	12.9% (II)
		III: 66		Other: 23	3: 133	TN: 63
						NS: 1
Ulaner et al[34]	483	I: 36	52.7	IDC: 414	1: 5	ER+: 402	2.8% (I)	1.40%
		II: 331	(23.6-89.5)	ILC: 41	2: 55	HER2+: 245	9.7% (II)
		III: 116		Other: 28	3: 400	TN: 0	24.1% (III)
					NS: 23

DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ; ER: Estrogen receptor; ¹⁸FDG-PET: [18]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography; HER2: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma; ILC: Invasive lobular carcinoma; NS: Not specified; PR: Progesterone receptor; TN: Triple-negative.

Table 2 Prevalence of occult distant metastases in clinical stage II patients who had [18]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scan as part of a staging workup before or immediately after surgery

Ref.	Subjects, n	Age, median	Distant metastases rate
			IIA	IIB	All
Groheux et al[17]	84	NS	2.80% (1/36)	8.30% (4/48)	5.95%
Gunalp et al[22]	100	51	19.60% (10/51)	40.80% (20/49)	30%
Cochet et al[24]	142	51	9.10% (2/22)	7.00% (4/57)	7.60%
Jeong et al[25]	70	54.9	0% (0/64)	0% (0/6)	0%
Riedl et al[27]	91	36.2	5% (2/44)	17% (8/47)	10.90%
Nursal et al[31]	315	51.5	9.50% (19/199)	17.20% (20/116)	12.40%
Ulaner et al[32]	169	51	5% (4/82)	15% (13/87)	9.50%
Lebon et al[33]	124	45.2	11% (7/64)	15% (9/60)	12.90%
Ulaner et al[34]	483	52.7	4.20% (6/143)	13.80% (26/188)	9.70%
All	1578	47.8	7.20% (0%-19.6%)	15.80% (0%-40.8%)	11.40% (0%-12.9%)

¹⁸FDG-PET: [18]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography; NS: Not specified.