Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Radiol. Apr 28, 2017; 9(4): 191-198
Published online Apr 28, 2017. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v9.i4.191
Table 1 Overview of the study specimens
Southern Shovelnose raySkilletskateGoblin sharkLemon shark
Scientific nameAptychotrema vincentianaDactylobatus armatusMitsukurina owstoniNegaprion brevirostris
KingdomAnimaliaAnimaliaAnimaliaAnimalia
PhylumChordataChordataChordataChordata
ClassChondrichthyesChondrichthyesChondrichthyes subclass: ElasmobranchiiChondrichthyes subclass: Elasmobranchii
OrderRajiformesRajiformesLamniformesCarcharhiniformes
FamilyRhinobatidaeRajidaeMitsukurinidaeCarcharhinidae
GenusAptychotremaDactylobatusMitsukurinaNegaprion
Species authorityHaacke, 1885Bean and Weed, 1909Jordan, 1898Poey, 1868
DistributionEastern Indian Ocean: endemic to Australia (20°S - 40°S)Western Central Atlantic: South Carolina, United States to the Gulf of Mexico and along Central America to Venezuela Also found on middle continental slope off southern Brazil (35°N - 35°S, 30°W - 98°W)Western Atlantic: Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana Eastern Atlantic: France (Bay of Biscay), Madeira, Portugal, and South Africa Western Indian Ocean: off South Africa. Western Pacific: Japan, Australia (South Australia, New South Wales), New Zealand Eastern Pacific: United States (southern California) (8°N - 55°S, 180°W - 180°E)Western Atlantic: New Jersey, United States to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, and the Caribbean; also in Gulf of Mexico Northeast Atlantic: Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire and probably wide-ranging off West Africa, but this requires confirmation. Eastern Pacific: southern Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California to Ecuador (45°N - 39°S, 114°W - 0°)
EnvironmentMarine; demersal;Marine; bathydemersal;Marine; bathydemersal;Marine; brackish; reef-associated; oceano-dromous
Depth range: 0-32 mDepth range: 300-900 m (usually 300-700 m)Depth range: 30-1300 m (usually 270-960 m)Depth range: 0-92 m
Size (cm)Maximun length: 79.0 cmMaximun length: 32.0 cmMaximun length: 617.0 cmMaximun length: 340.0 cm
Presented specimen: 72.9 cmPresented specimen: 23.5 cmPresented specimen: 119.5 cmPresented specimen: 95.6 cm
Red list categoryLeast concernData deficientLeast concernNear Threatened
Threat to humansHarmlessHarmlessHarmlessMinor Threat
Table 2 Computed tomography protocol
Acquisition parametersThorax HdDE Thorax
Section collimation192 mm × 0.6 mm192 mm × 0.6 mm
Slice thickness (mm)0.50.5
Increment (mm)0.30.5
Rotation time (s)0.50.3
Pitch0.350.65
Tube voltage (kV)12080 + 150
Effective tube current–time product (mAs)37-1041107/615
DLP (mGy/cm)2.3-6.2317.55-27.76
Reconstruction kernelBf32/Br54Qr32/Qr54
Admire 3Admire 3