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World J Radiol. Apr 28, 2014; 6(4): 106-115
Published online Apr 28, 2014. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i4.106
Table 1 Differential diagnosis of orbital inflammatory disease by site
Structure involvedClinical conditionCommon imaging findingsDifferential diagnosis
Lacrimal glandDacryoadenitisDiffuse lacrimal gland enlargementEpithelial neoplasm, lymphoma
Extraocular musclesMyositisUnilateral EOM inflammation, usually involving surrounding fat and myotendinous junctionDysthyroid orbitopathy
Optic nerve sheathPerineuritisPeripheral enhancement about the optic nerve, with varying infiltration of surrounding fat. Variable enhancement of the nerve substanceOptic nerve sheath meningioma, demyelinating optic neuritis
Orbital/periorbital fatCellulitisEnhancing periorbital soft tissue with possible intraconal extensionInfectious orbital cellulitis, carotid cavernous fistula, cavernous sinus thrombosis
Orbital apexOrbital apicitis, Tolosa-Hunt syndromeIll-defined, T2 hypointense enhancing tissue at orbital apex, variably involving middle cranial fossa and cavernous sinusMeningioma, other dural infiltrative process
PeriscleralPeriscleritisScleral thickening with periscleral edema and fluid in Tenon’s capsuleEndophthalmitis