Clinical outcomes of symptomatic arterioportal fistulas after transcatheter arterial embolization

Table 1 Patients characteristics

Case No.	Age (yr)/gender	Child-Pugh class	Etiology	Clinical symptoms related to APF	Admission from previous intrahepatic intervention (yr)
1	70/M	C	MCT for hepatocellular carcinoma	Hemorrhage from hemorrhoid refractory ascites	2
2	63/F	A	Liver biopsy	Refractory ascites	5
3	71/M	C	PEIT for hepatocellular carcinoma	Refractory ascites	1
4	67/M	A	PVTT (hepatocellular carcinoma)	Refractory ascites	NA
5	70/F	B	MCT for hepatocellular carcinoma	Hepatic encephalopathy	1
6	60/F	A	Liver biopsy	Refractory ascites	6

MCT: Microwave coagulation therapy; PEIT: Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy; PVTT: Portal venous tumor thrombosis; APF: Arterioportal fistula; M: Male; F: Female; NA: Not Available.

Table 2 Summary of results

Case No.	Location of APF	Embolic agents	Isolation of APF	TAE (n)	Hepatopedal flow after TAE on SMA portography	Complications after TAE	Control of symptom	Hepatopetal flow/arterial pulse on last US	Follow (M)/outcome	Outcome
1	A3-LPV	MC	-	2	+	HE, PVT	Resolved	+/-	13/alive good	Alive good
2	A7 and A8-RPV	MC	+	2	+	PVT	Resolved	+/-	57/alive good	Alive good
3	A3-LPV	MC	+	1	+	None	Resolved	+/-	14/alive good	Alive good
4	A4-LPV A7-RPV A8-RPV	MC	-	3	+	None	Improved	+/-	4/alive fair	Alive fair
5	A7-RPV A8-RPV	MC + glue	+	1	+	PVT	Resolved	+/-	12/alive good	Alive good
6	A7-RPV	MC + glue	+	1	+	PVT	Resolved	+/-	5/alive good	Alive good

APF: Arterioportal fistulas; LPV: Left branch of portal vein; RPV: Right branch of portal vein; MC: Microcoil; Glue: N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate-lipiodol mixed with lipiodol; Isolation of APF: Embolization of both proximal and distal to site of fistulas; TAE: Transcatheter arterial embolization; SMA: Superior mesenteric artery; PVT: Portal venous thrombosis; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; NA: Not applicable; US: Ultrasound.