Lung parenchymal changes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Table 1 Demographic data of 78 ankylosing spondylitis patients

Parameter	Number
Age (yr)
Mean	33.87
Range	18-56
Sex
Female	25
Male	53
Age at diagnosis (yr)
Mean	27.05
Range	8-54
Disease duration (yr)
Mean	3.88
Range	1-22
Smoking habit
Smokers	31
Non-smokers	47
Symtoms
Present	27
Absent	51
Chest expansion (cm)
Mean	2.21
Range	0.5-6

Table 2 Distribution and grades of abnormal high resolution computed tomography findings in 78 ankylosing spondylitis patients n (%)

Abnormality	Total	Grade
		I	II	III
Parenchymal bands	21 (27)	11	4	6
Interlobular septal thickening	9 (12)	6		3
Emphysema	9 (12)	3		6
Apical fibrosis	8 (10)	5		3
Ground-glass opacity	7 (9)	3	1	3
Parenchymal micronodules	5 (6)	1	4
Irregular interfaces and fissures	3 (4)	1		2
Bronchial dilatation	3 (4)	2		1
Mosaic pattern	2 (3)			2
Pleural thickening	2 (3)	1		1
Subpleural bands	1 (1)	1
Consolidation	1 (1)	1
Bronchial wall thickening	1 (1)	1
Honeycombing	-
Architectural distortions	-
Thoracic cage asymmetry	-
Tracheal dilatation	-