Multimodal morphometry and functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations

Table 1 Clinical and demographic data (mean ± SD)

	Schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations (n = 22)	Control subjects (n = 28)
Age (yr)	29.78 ± 11.68	31.89 ± 11.01
Age first hallucinations (yr)	21.86 ± 12.21	-
Illness duration (yr)	13.55 ± 6.72	-
GAF	39.86 ± 10.34	-
BPRS	53.86 ± 8.51	-
PSYRATS	33.91 ± 15.21	-
PANSS total	73.36 ± 16.01	-
PANSS positive	19.86 ± 4.77	-
PANSS negative	18.23 ± 7.78	-
PANSS general	35.27 ± 8.39	-

GAF: Global assessment of function; BPRS: Brief psychiatric rating scale; PSYRATS: Psychotic symptom rating scale; PANSS: Positive and negative syndrome scale.

Table 2 Relevant areas showing gray matter density reduction in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations when compared with control subjects

Coordinates (mm)			Label	Hemisphere	t value	Pcorrected	Brodmann area
X	Y	Z
-42	10	-11	Insula	L	7.41	0.001	48
59	-33	50	Insula	R	7.39	0.001	48
-54	-19	4	Superior temporal gyrus	L	5.69	0.001	22
-5	42	14	Anterior cingulated gyrus	L	5.36	0.001	32
66	-16	3	Superior temporal gyrus	R	5.15	0.001	22
52	-48	36	Inferior parietal gyrus	R	5.05	0.001	40
-61	-53	16	Middle temporal gyrus	L	4.85	0.002	21
19	-3	-13	Amygdala	R	4.75	0.002	34
60	-42	4	Middle temporal gyrus	R	4.55	0.002	22
-20	1	-15	Amygdala	L	4.45	0.003	34

P < 0.005 false discovery rate corrected, k = 45.

Table 3 Relevant areas of emotional activation in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations

Coordinates (mm)			Label	Hemisphere	t value	Pcorrected	Brodmann area
X	Y	Z
-53	4	-17	Middle temporal pole	L	15.53	0.000	21
54	-10	-12	Middle temporal gyrus	R	14.68	0.000	22
-56	-23	-3	Superior temporal gyrus	L	14.55	0.000	22
58	-7	-3	Superior temporal gyrus	R	14.69	0.000	22
-22	-1	-17	Amygdala	L	11.89	0.000	34
-21	-29	-3	Hippocampus	L	10.65	0.000	27
50	-11	-9	Middle temporal gyrus	R	9.88	0.001	22
1	-52	15	Precuneus	R	9.71	0.001	30
21	-5	-17	Amygdala	R	8.05	0.001	34

P < 0.005 false discovery rate corrected, k = 45.

Table 4 Areas showing concordance between gray matter reductions and emotional activation in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations

Coordinates (mm)			Label	Hemisphere	Brodmann area
X	Y	Z
-59	-53	4	Middle temporal gyrus	L	21
-53	-17	4	Superior temporal gyrus	L	48
66	-20	3	Superior temporal gyrus	R	22
62	-47	10	Middle temporal gyrus	R	21

P < 0.005 false discovery rate corrected, k = 45.

Table 5 Areas negatively correlated between brief psychiatric rating scale and the psychotic symptom rating scale in areas of coincidence between gray matter reduction and emotional activation

Coordinates (mm)			Label	Hemisphere	t value	Pcorrected	Brodmann area
X	Y	Z
BPRS
61	-50	5	Middle temporal gyrus	R	6.86	0.001	21
PSYRATS
-56	-15	7	Superior temporal gyrus	L	7.85	0.001	48
-59	-52	15	Middle temporal gyrus	L	4.97	0.002	21

P < 0.005 false discovery rate corrected, k = 45. BPRS: Brief psychiatric rating scale; PSYRATS: Psychotic symptom rating scale.