Exploring new frontiers in molecular imaging: Emergence of 68Ga PET/CT

Table 1 Examples of positron emitting radionuclides

Radionuclide	Half-life	Positron decay (%)	Emax (keV)	Production
11C	20.3 min	100	961	Cyclotron
13N	9.97 min	100	1190	Cyclotron
15O	2.1 min	100	1732	Cyclotron
18F	110 min	97	634	Cyclotron
64Cu	12.8 h	19	656	Cyclotron
68Ga	67.6 min	89	1899	Generator
82Rb	76 s	95	3150	Generator
124I	4.17 d	23	2100	Cyclotron

Table 2 Examples of FDA approved monoclonal antibodies

Generic name	Target	Type	Indication
Rituximab	CD20	Chimeric IgG1	Non-Hodgkins lymphomas
Trastuzumab	HER-2/neu	Humanized IgG1	Breast cancer
Alemtuzumab	CD52	Humanized IgG1	Chronic lymphaocytic leukaemia
Bevacizumab	VEGF	Humanized IgG1	Colorectal cancer
			Non-small cell lung cancer
			Breast cancer
			Glioblastoma
			Renal cancer
Cetuximab	EGFR	Chimeric IgG1	Colorectal cancer
			Head and neck cancer
Panitumumab	EGFR	Human IgG1	Colorectal cancer
Ofatumumab	CD20	Human IgG1	Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin	CD33	Humanized IgG4 conjugated to calicheamicin	Acute myeloid leukaemia
90Y-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan	CD20	90Y-radiolabeled murine IgG1	Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
131I-Tositumomab	CD20	131I-radiolabeled murine IgG2a	Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

FDA: Food and Drug Administration; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.