Assessment of superior mesenteric vascular flow quantitation in children using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging: A feasibility study

Table 1 Sequence parameters of four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging

Parameter	4D flow MRI
Plane	Axial
FOV (mm)	280
Slice thickness (mm)	1.4
Number of slices	1
TR (millisecond)	4.4
TE (millisecond)	Min full
Flip angle (degrees)	15
Bandwidth/pixel (Hz)	1126.1
Matrix (phase × frequency)	148 × 148
Number of signal acquisitions	6.0
Acquisition time (second)	300-420
Slice resolution (%)	50.0
Voxel size (mm)	1.9 × 1.9 × 2.8
Velocity encoding (cm/second)	60

MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; 4D flow: Four-dimensional flow; FOV: Field of view; TR: Repetition time; TE: Time to echo; Hz: Hertz.

Table 2 Patient characteristics

Median age, years (range)	13 years (7-14)
Gender	5 males; 4 females
Median body weight (kg)	53.5 (range: 24.5-93.4)
Heart rate (beats per minute), mean (SD)	88.4 (± 13.3)

Table 3 Dataset of flow velocity

Patient	Vessel (cm3/second)
	SMVp		SMVm		SMVd		SMAp		SMAm		SMAd
	DR1	DR2	DR1	DR2	DR1	DR2	DR1	DR2	DR1	DR2	DR1	DR2
1	3.33	3.33	3.67	3.83	4.67	4.17	3.50	4.50	2.67	1.83	1.67	3.00
2	1.67	1.83	2.83	2.00	3.67	2.83	2.50	2.17	2.50	2.00	2.50	2.33
3	2.17	2.33	2.50	3.17	3.33	2.50	13.50	14.00	8.00	9.17	4.17	9.83
4	2.50	3.33	2.67	3.50	3.00	4.33	5.17	4.33	3.83	3.00	2.00	3.00
5	3.00	3.33	3.50	4.83	5.67	5.33	6.83	8.50	5.17	5.33	2.33	3.00
6	1.00	1.67	1.50	1.50	2.17	2.17	2.67	2.50	2.50	2.17	2.17	2.83
7	1.00	1.33	1.00	0.83	1.83	1.67	2.17	4.33	3.50	4.83	1.00	2.50
8	2.50	1.50	4.00	3.83	5.17	5.17	8.67	5.83	8.67	6.67	3.33	6.67
9	2.00	3.50	3.17	3.17	4.17	3.33	7.33	6.50	5.33	4.67	4.00	5.50

SMVp: Proximal superior mesenteric vein; SMVm: Mid superior mesenteric vein; SMVd: Distal superior mesenteric vein; SMAp: Proximal superior mesenteric artery; SMAm: Mid superior mesenteric artery; SMAd: Distal superior mesenteric artery; DR1: First diagnostic radiologist; DR2: Second diagnostic radiologist.

Table 4 Dataset of peak speed

Patient	Vessel (cm/second)
	SMVp		SMVm		SMVd		SMAp		SMAm		SMAd
	DR1	DR2	DR1	DR2	DR1	DR2	DR1	DR2	DR1	DR2	DR1	DR2
1	11.77	11.99	11.78	13.29	18.02	20.78	53.01	65.90	40.69	50.29	23.38	53.56
2	11.08	11.21	14.85	13.41	17.17	18.42	59.80	56.78	45.79	74.18	48.28	51.87
3	12.90	12.98	18.97	20.81	17.43	18.42	90.74	79.63	29.80	29.97	21.75	27.86
4	11.22	14.64	8.67	11.29	11.07	11.14	16.02	18.51	14.64	14.47	9.29	13.98
5	22.17	16.49	17.20	16.09	14.17	15.52	66.60	50.40	60.87	47.34	25.11	23.61
6	16.81	28.16	23.87	23.95	32.47	28.27	56.81	52.33	59.58	37.92	42.00	28.70
7	10.08	10.77	11.59	8.40	13.27	12.77	40.59	48.46	44.21	44.37	24.45	30.95
8	20.00	15.69	14.39	14.52	19.46	20.91	59.19	62.66	63.63	61.72	35.27	48.48
9	12.85	15.64	13.20	26.90	25.01	31.46	78.80	81.18	77.28	76.15	37.77	81.73

SMVp: Proximal superior mesenteric vein; SMVm: Mid superior mesenteric vein; SMVd: Distal superior mesenteric vein; SMAp: Proximal superior mesenteric artery; SMAm: Mid superior mesenteric artery; SMAd: Distal superior mesenteric artery; DR1: First diagnostic radiologist; DR2: Second diagnostic radiologist.

Table 5 Dataset of endoscopy findings and vascular assessment

Patient	Gender	Age	Endoscopy	SMV (average)						SMA (average)
				Velocity (cm3/second)			Peak speed (cm/second)			Velocity (cm3/second)			Peak speed (cm/second)
				P	M	D	P	M	D	P	M	D	P	M	D
1	Female	13	Negative	3.33	3.83	4.50	11.88	12.54	19.40	4.00	2.33	2.33	59.46	45.49	38.47
2	Male	7	Not available	1.83	2.50	3.33	11.15	14.13	17.80	2.33	2.33	2.50	58.29	59.99	50.08
3	Female	11	Negative	2.33	2.83	3.00	12.94	19.89	17.93	13.83	8.67	7.00	85.19	29.89	24.81
4	Male	13	Negative	3.00	3.17	3.67	12.93	9.98	11.11	4.83	3.67	2.50	17.27	14.56	11.64
5	Male	12	Not available	3.17	4.17	5.50	19.33	16.65	14.85	7.67	5.33	2.67	58.50	54.11	24.36
6	Male	12	Negative	1.33	1.50	2.17	22.49	23.91	30.37	2.67	2.33	2.50	54.57	48.75	35.35
7	Female	11	Negative	1.17	1.00	1.83	10.43	10.00	13.02	3.33	4.17	1.83	44.53	44.29	27.70
8	Male	14	Negative	2.00	4.00	5.17	17.85	14.46	20.19	7.33	7.67	5.00	60.93	62.68	41.88
9	Female	14	Not available	2.83	3.17	3.83	14.25	20.05	28.24	7.00	5.00	4.83	79.99	76.72	59.75

SMV: Superior mesenteric vein; SMA: Superior mesenteric artery; P: Proximal section; M: Mid-section; D: Distal section.