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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Radiol. Aug 28, 2024; 16(8): 317-328
Published online Aug 28, 2024. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v16.i8.317
Published online Aug 28, 2024. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v16.i8.317
Table 1 Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent surgery, n (%)
Characteristic | Surgical procedures | P value | χ²/Z/t value | |
Minimally invasive | Craniotomy | |||
Mean age (years) | 61.78 ± 10.87 | 56.27 ± 11.58 | 0.604 | 5.735 |
Age (years) | ||||
< 59.5 | 124 (22.3) | 130 (23.3) | < 0.001 | 18.834 |
> 59.5 | 203 (36.4) | 100 (18.0) | ||
Sex | ||||
Female | 131 (23.5) | 82 (14.7) | 0.292 | 1.111 |
Male | 196 (35.2) | 148 (26.6) | ||
Admission Glasgow Coma Scale score | ||||
≤ 8 | 102 (18.3) | 144 (25.9) | < 0.001 | 54.043 |
> 8 | 225 (40.4) | 86 (15.4) | ||
Left/right side | ||||
Left | 158 (28.4) | 108 (19.4) | 0.751 | 0.100 |
Right | 169 (30.3) | 122 (21.9) | ||
Deep cerebral hemorrhage | 255 (45.8) | 155 (27.8) | 0.005 | 7.796 |
Systolic blood pressure on admission (mm Hg) | 172.86 ± 26.40 | 175.73 ± 31.06 | 0.062 | 1.175 |
Smoking | 112 (20.1) | 91 (16.3) | 0.199 | 1.646 |
Alcohol abuse | 72 (12.9) | 65 (11.7) | 0.092 | 2.837 |
Hypertension | 224 (40.2) | 156 (28.0) | 0.866 | 0.028 |
Coronary atherosclerosis | 40 (7.2) | 19 (3.4) | 0.134 | 2.249 |
Diabetes | 28 (5.0) | 29 (5.2) | 0.121 | 2.406 |
High blood fat disease | 2 (0.4) | 3 (0.5) | 0.394 | 0.853 |
Lower extremity vein thrombosis | 45 (8.1) | 59 (10.6) | < 0.001 | 12.572 |
Lung infection | 285 (51.2) | 208 (37.3) | 0.232 | 1.427 |
Pulmonary embolism | 9 (1.6) | 16 (2.9) | 0.018 | 5.567 |
Intracranial infection | 7 (1.3) | 5 (0.9) | 0.979 | 0.001 |
Postoperative cerebral infarction | 14 (2.5) | 33 (5.9) | < 0.001 | 17.71 |
Lower extremity pneumatic compression therapy | 316 (56.7) | 216 (38.8) | 0.126 | 2.336 |
Heparin-like drug | 22 (3.9) | 52 (9.3) | < 0.001 | 29.56 |
Rivaroxaban | 13 (2.3) | 19 (3.4) | 0.032 | 4.579 |
Hematoma volume (mL) | ||||
First quartile (< 28) | 120 (21.5) | 13 (2.3) | < 0.001 | 104.237 |
Quarter 2 (28-42) | 87 (15.6) | 50 (9.0) | ||
Quarter 3 (42-64) | 77 (13.8) | 69 (12.4) | ||
Quarter 4 (≥ 64) | 43 (7.7) | 98 (17.6) | ||
Hematoma clearance rate | 92 (90, 94) | 87 (84, 89) | < 0.001 | 10.151 |
Admission d-dimer levels (mg/L) | 1.30 (0.74, 2.74) | 1.19 (0.53, 2.93) | 0.072 | 14.252 |
Postoperative d-dimer mean levels, mg/L | 3.17 (1.58, 6.78) | 2.73 (1.39, 5.58) | 0.009 | 2.601 |
Outcome | ||||
Favorable outcome | 69.4 (227/327) | 54.8 (126/230) | < 0.001 | 12.462 |
Unfavorable outcome | 100 (18.0) | 104 (18.7) | ||
Survival within 1 year | ||||
Live | 236 (42.4) | 132 (23.7) | < 0.001 | 13.157 |
Dead | 91 (16.3) | 98 (17.6) |
Table 2 Logistical regression equation analysis of clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing spontaneous supratentorial cerebral haemorrhage surgery
Characteristic | Crude OR | 95%CI | P value | Adjusted OR | 95%CI | P value |
Age (years) | 2.128 | 1.510-3.000 | < 0.001 | 4.183 | 2.366-7.395 | < 0.001 |
Deep cerebral hemorrhage | 0.584 | 0.399-0.853 | 0.005 | 2.926 | 1.615-5.300 | < 0.001 |
Lower extremity vein thrombosis | 0.462 | 0.300-0.712 | < 0.001 | 0.803 | 0.330-1.951 | 0.628 |
Pulmonary embolism | 2.642 | 1.146-6.088 | 0.023 | 0.266 | 0.053-1.331 | 0.107 |
Postoperative cerebral infarction | 3.745 | 1.955-7.174 | < 0.001 | 0.343 | 0.137-0.858 | 0.022 |
Admission Glasgow Coma Scale score | 0.833 | 0.793-0.874 | < 0.001 | 0.811 | 0.748-0.880 | < 0.001 |
Hematoma volume, mL | 1.024 | 1.018-1.030 | < 0.001 | 1.016 | 1.009-1.024 | < 0.001 |
Hematoma clearance rate | 0.687 | 0.643-0.735 | < 0.001 | 0.667 | 0.614-0.724 | < 0.001 |
Postoperative d-dimer mean levels (mg/L) | 0.918 | 0.864-0.975 | 0.005 | 0.829 | 0.746-0.921 | 0.001 |
Heparin-like drug | 0.247 | 0.145-0.420 | < 0.001 | 0.351 | 0.134-0.920 | 0.033 |
Rivaroxaban | 0.46 | 0.222-0.951 | 0.036 | 2.236 | 0.665-7.521 | 0.193 |
Table 3 Association between surgical procedures and postoperative outcomes in patients with spontaneous supratentorial cerebral haemorrhage
Analysis | Outcome | P value | Survival within 1 year | P value |
Crude1 OR | 0.534 | < 0.001 | 0.519 | < 0.001 |
Crude1 95%CI | 0.376-0.758 | 0.364-0.742 | ||
Adjusted1 OR | 1.071 | 0.913 | 0.454 | 0.221 |
Adjusted1 95%CI | 0.312-3.685 | 0.128-1.609 | ||
Crude2 PSM OR | 0.582 | 0.144 | 0.573 | 0.139 |
Crude2 PSM 95%CI | 0.281-1.204 | 0.274-1.199 | ||
Adjusted2 PSM OR | 2.235 | 0.092 | 2.450 | 0.070 |
Adjusted2 PSM 95%CI | 0.877-5.695 | 0.931-6.451 |
Table 4 Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients undergoing spontaneous supratentorial cerebral haemorrhage surgery after propensity system matching, n (%)
Characteristic | Surgical procedures | P value | χ²/Z/t value | |
Minimally invasive | Craniotomy | |||
Mean age (years) | 58.81 ± 10.848 | 59.01 ± 10.044 | 0.909 | 0.115 |
Age (years) | ||||
< 59.5 | 37 (27.2) | 34 (25.0) | 0.607 | 0.265 |
> 59.5 | 31 (22.8) | 34 (25.0) | ||
Sex | ||||
Female | 35 (25.7) | 30 (22.1) | 0.391 | 0.737 |
Male | 33 (24.3) | 38 (27.9) | ||
Admission Glasgow Coma Scale score | ||||
≤ 8 | 29 (21.3) | 28 (20.6) | 0.862 | 0.03 |
> 8 | 39 (28.7) | 40 (29.4) | ||
Left/Right side | ||||
Left | 28 (20.6) | 28 (20.6) | > 0.999 | 0 |
Right | 40 (29.4) | 40 (29.4) | ||
Deep cerebral hemorrhage | 45 (33.1) | 43 (31.6) | 0.720 | 0.129 |
Systolic blood pressure on admission (mm Hg) | 172.9 ± 27.98 | 171.16 ± 35.59 | 0.750 | 0.319 |
Smoking | 23 (16.9) | 19 (14.0) | 0.458 | 0.551 |
Alcohol abuse | 14 (10.3) | 14 (10.3) | > 0.999 | 0 |
Hypertension | 45 (33.1) | 46 (33.8) | 0.855 | 0.033 |
Coronary atherosclerosis | 8 (5.9) | 8 (5.9) | > 0.999 | 0 |
Diabetes | 9 (6.6) | 7 (5.1) | 0.595 | 0.283 |
High blood fat disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.999 | 0 |
Lower extremity vein thrombosis | 12 (8.8) | 15 (11.0) | 0.519 | 0.416 |
Lung infection | 60 (44.1) | 58 (42.6) | 0.613 | 0.256 |
Pulmonary embolism | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | > 0.999 | 0 |
Intracranial infection | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.317 | 1 |
Postoperative cerebral infarction | 6 (4.4) | 8 (5.9) | 0.573 | 0.319 |
Lower extremity pneumatic compression therapy | 66 (48.5) | 64 (47.1) | 0.405 | 0.832 |
Heparin-like drug | 9 (6.6) | 9 (6.6) | > 0.999 | 0 |
Rivaroxaban | 5 (3.7) | 5 (3.7) | > 0.999 | 0 |
Hematoma volume, mL | ||||
First quartile (< 28) | 17 (12.5) | 6 (4.4) | 0.095 | 6.376 |
Quarter 2 (28-42) | 19 (14.0) | 24 (17.6) | ||
Quarter 3 (42-64) | 18 (13.2) | 22 (16.2) | ||
Quarter 4 (≥ 64) | 14 (10.3) | 16 (11.8) | ||
Hematoma clearance rate | 89 (88, 92) | 89 (87, 91) | 0.519 | 0.645 |
Admission D-dimer levels (mg/L) | 1.2 (0.65, 2.52) | 1.02 (0.48, 2.76) | 0.318 | 0.999 |
Postoperative D-dimer mean levels (mg/L) | 2.57 (1.33, 5.68) | 2.48 (1.38, 5.03) | 0.606 | 0.516 |
Outcome | ||||
Favorable outcome | 50 (36.8) | 42 (30.9) | 0.143 | 2.15 |
Unfavorable outcome | 18 (13.2) | 26 (19.1) | ||
Survival within 1 year | ||||
Live | 51 (37.5) | 43 (31.6) | 0.138 | 2.205 |
Dead | 17 (12.5) | 25 (18.4) |
- Citation: Xiao ZK, Duan YH, Mao XY, Liang RC, Zhou M, Yang YM. Traditional craniotomy versus current minimally invasive surgery for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage: A propensity-matched analysis. World J Radiol 2024; 16(8): 317-328
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8470/full/v16/i8/317.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v16.i8.317