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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Radiol. Jul 28, 2022; 14(7): 209-218
Published online Jul 28, 2022. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i7.209
Table 1 Table showing the demographic data and findings of the patients under study
Serial No.Age SexCo-morbidities Primary location Cerebral involvement Orbital involvementInvolvement of neck spaces
134MaleAcute myeloid leukemiaRight nasal cavity, Right ethmoid, SphenoidICA thrombosis, Cavernous sinus thrombosis, Leptomeningeal enhancement No Right pterygopalatine, Right infra temporal, Bilateral parapharangeal, Retropharyngeal space
264MaleRenal transplant Pan sinusitis> Meningoencephalitis, > infiltration into left basifrontal and gangliocapsular region along olfactory fossaExtra ocular muscles, Orbital cellulitis No
372MaleDiabetesLeft maxillary, Ethmoid, Frontal, SphenoidGanglio-capsular infarctcavernous sinus thrombosis Retro- orbitalfat and extra ocular muscles and orbital apexNo
450MaleNoRight maxillaryCavernous sinus, Subdural abscess Orbital apex, Orbital abscessTemporal, pterygopalatine, masticator space
540MalePost renal transplantPan sinusCavernous sinus thrombosis, Temporal lobe involvement Extra conal extension, Right extra ocular muscles, Orbital floorInfratemporal fossa, pterygopalatine
645MaleAcquired immunodeficiency syndromeFrontalICA thrombosis cavernous sinus thrombosis, Cerebral infarct epidural abscess Left orbit, Extra ocular musclesLeft pterygopalatine
767FFemaleDiabetesPan-sinusBasifrontal brain parenchyma involvement, meningoencephalitis Orbital apex, extra ocular muscles Subperiosteal abscessRight infra temporal fossa, retropharyngeal space
875MaleDiabetesPan-sinusitisNo cerebral involvement Extraconal fat involvementNo
922MaleALL Right maxillary sinusICA thrombosis, Cavernous sinus involvement, Cerebral infarct Extra ocular muscle, Orbital apex, Subperiosteal abscess Right Infratemporal fossa, Right pterygopalatine fossa
1050MaleDiabetesLeft maxillary sinus No cerebral involvement Left extraconal spaceNo
1150MaleAcquired immunodeficiency syndromePan sinusitis Cavernous sinus, Epidural abscess Orbital Apex, Extra ocular muscles involvement, Subperiosteal abscess Pterygopalatine fossa
1240MaleKidney transplant Frontal, Ethmoid, sphenoidICA thrombosis, Temporal lobe abscess Orbital apex, Extra ocular muscles, Subperiosteal abscess, Cellulitis No
1321FemaleAcute lymphocytic leukemiaRight maxillary sinus and nasal cavity ICA thrombosis, Frontal lobe abscess, Infarct Extra ocular muscles, Intraconal fat Pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa
1464MaleDiabetesPan sinusitisCavernous sinus, Subdural abscess Orbital apex, Extraocular muscles, Subperiosteal abscessNo
1548MaleNo Pan sinusitisCavernous sinus, ICA thrombosisOrbital apex, Extra ocular muscles, Orbital abscess Pterygopalatine fossa, Infra temporal fossa
1668MaleDiabetesPan sinusitisNot involved Extraconal fat Pterygopalatine fossa
1757MaleDiabetesPan sinusitisSubdural abscess Extraconal orbital fat, Extra ocular muscles, Orbital cellulitis Infratemporal fossa
1871MaleDiabetesSphenoid, Ethmoid, Nasal cavityFrontal lobe Orbital apex, Extra ocular muscles Para pharyngeal space, Pterygopalatine fossa
1948MaleNo Right pan sinusitis, Nasal cavityFrontal lobe, Cavernous sinus Extraconal fat, extra ocular muscles No
2037MaleLymphoma Right sinusitis Not involved Extraconal orbital fat No
Table 2 Table showing the summary of central nervous system involvement, orbital involvement and neck space involvement
Complication/local invasion
N = 20
Cerebral 16/20
Arterial involvement (ICA thrombosis) 6
Cavernous sinus thrombosis 10
Brain Parenchymal involvement 11
Meninges and Dural/epidural involvement 7
Orbit 18/20
Extraocular muscles 14
Orbital apex 9
Orbital fat only/orbital cellulitis/abscess 16
Neck spaces 12/20
Pterygopalatine foramen and fossa10
Infratemporal fossa 8
Masticator space 2
Retropharyngeal space 2
Parapharyngeal space2