Interobserver reliability between pediatric radiologists and residents in ultrasound evaluation of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants

Table 1 Interobserver agreement with Kappa values in cranial ultrasound interpretation between radiology residents and attending pediatric radiologists

Findings	Senior resident, %	Attending radiologist, %	Kappa value
Normal ultrasound	68	74	0.94
Abnormal ultrasound	32	26	0.94
Grade I IVH	72	62	0.82
Grade II IVH	12	12	0.86
Grade III IVH	6	7	0.90
Grade IV IVH	10	19	0.92
Right-sided IVH	38	27	0.92
Left-sided IVH	20	21
Bilateral IVH	42	52

IVH: Intraventricular hemorrhage.

Table 2 Additional ultrasound examination findings initially missed by the resident

Additional findings on neonatal cranial ultrasound (%)
Ventricular abnormalities	12 (6)
Mild hydrocephalus	11 (5.5)
Severe hydrocephalus	1 (0.5)
Choroid plexus abnormalities	4 (2)
Increased periventricular echogenicity	4 (2)