Vascular complications of transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A concise literature review

Table 1 Traditionally used transcatheter aortic valve replacement guidewires (permission obtained)

Guidewire	Core material and coating	Wire guide diameter inch	Wire guide length (cm)	Taper length (cm)	Floppy tip length (cm)	Stiffness	Preshaped curve	Use
Amplatz Extra Stiff wire (Cook Medical Inc.)	PTFE-coated stainless steel	0.035	260	7	3	Least stiff	3 cm	TAVR device delivery Straightening of tortuous vessels Sheath insertion
Amplatz Super Stiff wire (Boston Scientific)	PTFE-Coated Stainless Steel	0.035	260	6	3	Stiffer than Extra stiff	1 and 3 cm	Straightening of tortuous vessels Sheath insertion
Lunderquist Extra Stiff wire (Cook Medical Inc.)	PTFE-Coated Stainless Steel	0.035	260 and 300	7.5	4	Stiffer than Amplatz extrastiff and superstiff	4 cm	Straightening of tortuous vessels Sheath insertion
Safari Guide wire (Boston Scientific)	LUBRIGREENTM PTFE-Coated Stainless Steel	0.035	260 and 300			Stiffness equal to Amplatz extrastiff	Small curve - 16 cm distal grind and 1.7 inch/4.25 cm curve Large curve - 18 cm distal grind and 1.9 inch/4.90 cm curve	TAVR device delivery

TAVR: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement; PTFE: Polytetrafluoroethylene.

Table 2 Internal and external diameter of large percutaneous sheaths (permission obtained)

Manufacturer	Sheath	Sheath internal diameter (F)	Sheath outer diameter (mm)/prosthesis size	Minimum vessel diameter (mm)
Edwards Lifesciences	RetroFlex 3 introducer sheath	22	8.4/23 Sapien	7.0
		24	9.2/26 Sapien	8.0
	NovaFlex introducer sheath	16	6.7/23 Sapien XT	6.0
		18	7.2/26 Sapien XT	6.5
		20	8.0/29 Sapien XT	7.0
	Expandable Sheath1	14	6.0/20	5.0
		14	6.0/23	5.5
		14	6.0/26	5.5
		16	6.7/29	6.0
Medtronic	InLine Sheath for Evolut R System1	14 F equivalent2	6.0	5.0
Gore medical	GORE® DrySeal Sheath13	14	5.5	5.0
		16	6.2	5.5
		18	6.8	6.0
		20	7.5	6.0
Terumo medical corporation	SoloPath sheath13	144	3.835/5.674 (11.5-17F)
		164	5.05/6.334 (15-19F)
		184	5.05/7.04 (15-21F)
		194	5.05/7.34 (15-22F)

¹Currently used introducer or delivery sheath for TAVR.

²Internal dimension is 14 Fr-equivalent systems with InLineTM Sheath. True outer diameter of the sheath is 18 Fr/6 mm.

³Most commonly used sizes for TAVR.

⁴Expanded internal and external dimensions of the sheath.

⁵Unexpanded or folded SoloPath sheath dimension. TAVR: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement.