How far cardio metabolic and psychological factors affect salt sensitivity in normotensive adult population?

Table 1 Baseline demographic, cardiometabolic and psychological characteristics of participants with respect to salt sensitivity

Variable	Salt insensitive n = 75	Salt sensitive n = 56	P value
Sex (male) (%)	55 (73.3)	45 (80.4)	0.3491
Age (yr) (mean ± SD)	25.23 ± 4.68	26.36 ± 6.91	0.2722
Family history of HTN (y/n) (%)	22 (29.3)	16 (28.6)	0.9951
Family history of CAD (y/n) (%)	7 (9.3)	6 (10.7)	0.7701
Regular physical activity (y/n) (%)	30 (40.0)	19 (33.9)	0.5221
Current smoker (y/n) (%)	12 (16.0)	8 (14.3)	0.8651
Weight (kg) (mean ± SD)	68.21 ± 13.05	71.16 ± 12.33	0.1932
Body mass index (kg/m2) (mean ± SD)	22.75 ± 2.71	23.71 ± 2.93	0.0572
Waist circumference (cm) (mean ± SD)	81.54 ± 8.96	82.86 ± 8.41	0.4042
Hip circumference (cm) (mean ± SD)	96.97 ± 5.90	97.38 ± 5.77	0.6982
Waist to hip ratio (mean ± SD)	0.83 ± 0.06	0.84 ± 0.05	0.3462
Waist to height ratio (mean ± SD)	0.47 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.49	0.3822
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	79.71 ± 6.16	82.64 ± 10.74	0.0722
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	156.54 ± 28.70	164.66 ± 26.64	0.1092
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	46.23 ± 11.90	44.09 ± 12.23	0.3272
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	82.56 ± 21.27	90.05 ± 17.49	0.0382
Triglyceride (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	136.75 ± 97.26	145.32 ± 75.93	0.5942
Uric acid (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	6.91 ± 6.57	6.42 ± 1.56	0.5972
Sodium (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	140.30 ± 2.42	140.46 ± 2.39	0.6992
Potassium (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	4.38 ± 0.53	4.34 ± 0.34	0.6622
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	12.56 ± 3.72	13.73 ± 3.63	0.0772
Creatinine (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	0.92 ± 0.12	0.96 ± 0.10	0.0672
Depression score (mean ± SD)	4.00 ± 2.66	3.25 ± 2.15	0.0953
Anxiety score (mean ± SD)	3.73 ± 3.18	3.08 ± 3.25	0.1613

¹P value obtained from χ²;

²P value obtained from t-test;

³P value obtained from Man-Whitney. HTN: Hypertension; CAD: Coronary artery disease.

Table 2 Crude, age and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis with salt sensitivity as an outcome

Variable	Crude OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	1.01 (1.00-1.02)	0.11	1.01 (1.00-1.03)	0.12
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	1.01 (1.00-1.01)	0.59	1.00 (1.00-1.01)	0.87
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.99 (0.96-1.02)	0.33	0.99 (0.96-1.02)	0.45
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	1.02 (1.01-1.04)	0.04	1.02 (1.01-1.04)	0.04
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL)	1.04 (1.00-1.09)	0.06	1.04 (0.99-1.09)	0.14
Sodium (mg/dL)	1.06 (0.97-1.04)	0.35	1.03(0.98-1.05)	0.37
Potassium (mg/dL)	1.05 (0.99-1.07)	0.51	1.06(0.98-1.06)	0.41
Body mass index (kg/m2)	1.14 (1.00-1.28)	0.06	1.12 (0.97-1.28)	0.13
Waist circumference (cm)	1.02 (0.98-1.06)	0.40	1.02 (0.97-1.06)	0.49
Waist to hip ratio	1.19 (0.83-1.69)	0.34	1.16 (0.76-1.79)	0.48
Regular physical activity (y/n)	0.79 (0.38-1.64)	0.52	0.85 (0.39-1.82)	0.66
Smoking (y/n)	1.07 (0.95-1.15)	0.40	1.08 (0.97-1.25)	0.47
Depression (y/n)	1.14 (0.98-1.32)	0.06	1.15 (1.00-1.34)	0.04
Family history of HTN (y/n)	1.19 (0.37-3.85)	0.77	1.28 (0.35-4.76)	0.70

HTN: Hypertension.