One-year outcome of percutaneous mitral valve repair in patients with severe symptomatic mitral valve regurgitation

Table 1 Clinical characteristics, laboratory values and echocardiography results

	Total (n = 46)	Survivors (n = 35)	Non-survivors (n = 11)	P value
Age (yr)	76.5 ± 9.4	76.4 ± 9.5	76.9 ± 9.6	0.871
Women, n (%)	21 (46)	16 (46)	5 (45)	0.988
Body mass index (kg/m²)	26.8 ± 4.3	26.8 ± 4.5	26.6 ± 3.7	0.928
NYHA class				0.818
NYHA class II, n (%)	1 (2)	1 (3)	0 (0)
NYHA class III, n (%)	27 (59)	20 (57)	7 (64)
NYHA class IV, n (%)	18 (39)	14 (40)	4 (36)
Hypertension, n (%)	31 (69)	23 (66)	8 (80)	0.389
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	21 (47)	17 (49)	4 (40)	0.632
Coronary artery disease, n (%)	27 (60)	22 (63)	5 (50)	0.464
Previous coronary artery bypass grafting, n (%)	15 (34)	12 (35)	3 (30)	0.756
Previous heart valve surgery, n (%)	6 (13)	5 (14)	1 (10)	0.725
Previous stroke, n (%)	5 (11)	5 (14)	0 (0)	0.205
Atrial fibrillation/flutter, n (%)	33 (73)	25 (71)	8 (80)	0.589
Implanted PM/ICD/CRT-device, n (%)	15 (34)	9 (26)	6 (60)	0.067
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%)	14 (31)	12 (34)	2 (20)	0.389
Peripheral artery disease, n (%)	6 (13)	4 (11)	2 (18)	0.482
Logistic EuroSCORE I (%)	31.8 ± 21.1	32.1 ± 21.4	30.9 ± 21.2	0.870
Logistic EuroSCORE II (%)	11.9 ± 9.5	12.0 ± 9.5	11.6 ± 9.98	0.885
Laboratory parameters
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.4 ± 0.5	1.4 ± 0.5	1.28 ± 0.39	0.476
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.1 ± 1.7	12.3 ± 1.6	11.4 ± 2.0	0.256
Plasma BNP (pg/mL) (n = 36)	1022 ± 897	793 ± 611	1710 ± 1264	0.006
Echocardiography
Mitral regurgitation etiology
Organic, n (%)	17 (37)	14 (40)	3 (27)	0.446
Functional, n (%)	21 (46)	16 (46)	5 (45)	0.988
Mixed, n (%)	8 (17)	5 (14)	3 (27)	0.322
Left atrial diameter (mm)	51 ± 6	51 ± 6	50 ± 5	0.793
Left atrial volume (mL)	115 ± 43	110 ± 42	134 ± 45	0.118
LV end-diastolic diameter (mm)	55 ± 10	55 ± 10	57 ± 10	0.498
LV end-systolic diameter (mm)	42 ± 12	41 ± 11	45 ± 12	0.313
LV end-diastolic volume (mL)	159 ± 70	152 ± 62	181 ± 93	0.258
LV end-systolic volume (mL)	96 ± 63	88 ± 55	121 ± 82	0.151
LV ejection fraction (%)	42 ± 14	44 ± 14	37 ± 14	0.203
MAPSE (mm)	12 ± 3	13 ± 3	11 ± 3	0.163
TAPSE (mm)	17 ± 5	17 ± 4	18 ± 6	0.527
Tricuspid regurgitation (moderate/severe), n (%)	31 (67)	21 (60)	10 (91)	0.070
sPAP (mmHg)	44 ± 12	44 ± 12	43 ± 14	0.844

NYHA: New York Heart Association; PM/ICD/CRT: Pacemaker, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; LV: Left ventricular; sPAP: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure.

Table 2 New York Heart Association class and hemodynamics before and after MitraClip implantation (n = 44)

	Before MitraClip	After MitraClip	P value
NYHA class III and IV, n (%)	43 (98)	16 (35)	< 0.001
Mitral regurgitation (severe)	44 (100)	6 (14)	< 0.001
Left atrial diameter (mm)	50 ± 6	49 ± 7	0.039
Left atrial volume (mL)	114 ± 43	102 ± 42	0.008
LV end-diastolic diameter (mm)	55 ± 10	54 ± 11	0.308
LV end-systolic diameter (mm)	42 ± 12	41 ± 12	0.367
LV end-diastolic volume (mL)	158 ± 69	159 ± 75	0.866
LV end-systolic volume (mL)	95 ± 63	95 ± 61	0.993
LV ejection fraction (%)	42 ± 15	44 ± 13	0.216
Severe tricuspid regurgitation, n (%)	12 (27)	9 (20)	0.763
sPAP (mmHg)	44 ± 13	27 ± 10	0.027

LV: Left ventricular; sPAP: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure.