Noninvasive model including right ventricular speckle tracking for the evaluation of pulmonary hypertension

Table 1 Echocardiographic and invasive measurements

	All patients (n = 44)	No PH (n = 10)	Precapillary PH (n = 15)	Postcapillary PH (n = 19)	P
TTE
EF, %	61.3 ± 13.8	62 ± 9.5	67 ± 10.3	56.5 ± 16.7	0.28
EDV, mL	92.8 ± 36.1	87.8 ± 33.1	73.6 ± 34	110.6 ± 31.8	0.04
ESV, mL	37.4 ± 24.6	32.2 ± 13.6	25 ± 15	49.9 ± 29.6	0.04
IVSd, cm	1.2 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.4	0.12
LAV, mL	84.0 ± 52.7	82.4 ± 55.2	79.9 ± 64.9	85.2 ± 48.7	0.6
sPAP, mmHg	51.1 ± 24.4	31.2 ± 24.6	61.2 ± 22.3	53.6 ± 20.4	0.003
RVDs, cm	2.4 ± 1.1	2.2 ± 1.0	2.4 ± 1.1	2.3 ± 1.1	0.8
RVDd, cm	3.3 ± 1.4	3.0 ± 1.2	3.4 ± 1.6	3.3 ± 1.3	0.36
TAPSE, cm	1.8 ± 0.6	2.1 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.5	1.8 ± 0.6	0.23
E/e' ratio	14.4 ± 7.8	12.1 ± 4.5	12.4 ± 4.4	17.3 ± 10.3	0.13
RVGS, %	-11.5 ± 5.9	-13.3 ± 7.6	-10.8 ± 4.6	-11.2 ± 6	0.82
RVAS, %	-11.6 ± 5.9	-14.3 ± 6.3	-7.5 ± 5.6	-13.3 ± 4.3	< 0.001
RHC
mPAP, mmHg	40.1 ± 17.5	20.9 ± 3	51.8 ± 20.6	40.9 ± 8.9	< 0.001
sPAP, mmHg	55.0 ± 17.6	35.3 ± 8.5	60.3 ± 17.4	53.5 ± 17.4	0.04
PCWP	16.1 ± 7.2	11.4 ± 4.1	11.4 ± 2.1	22.3 ± 6.3	< 0.001
CO, L/min	3.6 ± 3.8	3.3 ± 3.7	3.2 ± 3.3	3.4 ± 4.2	0.46
RV systolic pressure, mmHg	63.9 ± 26.3	37.1 ± 14.3	86.7 ± 25.4	66.3 ± 17.4	< 0.001
RV diastolic pressure, mmHg	5.3 ± 5.8	4.9 ± 5.3	4.3 ± 5.8	5.6 ± 5.8	0.07
RV mean pressure, mmHg	9.4 ± 8.6	7.5 ± 6.5	11.9 ± 12.1	8.6 ± 7.1	0.04
RA mean pressure, mmHg	13.5 ± 13.1	13.2 ± 9.3	12.7 ± 5.4	13.8 ± 14.7	0.69
WHO class					0.56
I, n (%)	2 (4.3)	2 (20)	0 (0)	0 (0)
II, n (%)	10 (21.7)	3 (30)	2 (13.3)	5 (26.3)
III, n (%)	29 (63)	5 (50)	11 (73.3)	13 (68.4)
IV, n (%)	3 (6.5)	0 (0)	2 (13.3)	1 (5.3)

EF: Ejection fraction; EDV/ESV: End-systolic/diastolic volume; IVSd: Diastolic interventricular septum diameter; LAV: Left atrial volume; s/mPAP: Systolic/mean pulmonary arterial pressure; RVDs/d: Systolic/diastolic right ventricular diameter; TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RVGS/RVAS: Global/apical right ventricular longitudinal strain; PCWP: Pulmonary capillar wedge pressure; CO: Cardiac output; RV/RA: Right ventricle/atrium; WHO: World Health Organization.

Table 2 Baseline characteristics

	All patients (n = 44)	No PH (n = 10)	Precapillary PH (n = 15)	Postcapillary PH (n = 19)	P
Age, yr	63.11 ± 14.2	60.3 ± 16.9	60.2 ± 13	66.9 ± 13.3	0.71
Male gender, n (%)	27 (61)	5 (50)	8 (53)	14 (74)	0.33
AHT, n (%)	30 (60)	8 (61)	7 (53)	15 (62)	0.82
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	11 (22)	2 (15)	3 (23)	6 (25)	0.57
CAD, n (%)	26 (52)	7 (53)	7 (53)	12 (50)	0.44
HLP, n (%)	15 (30)	4 (31)	6 (25)	5 (38)	0.33
Nicotine, n (%)	10 (20)	3 (23)	5 (21)	2 (15)
Specific PAH Therapy, n (%)	15 (34)	0 (0)	15 (100)	0 (0)	< 0.001
ECG RV strain, n (%)	26 (59)	2 (20)	13 (87)	11 (58)	0.001
NT pro-BNP (pg/mL)	2778.3 ± 5681.3	367.5 ± 420.4	1980.3 ± 3432.1	4677 ± 7764.8	0.44
Hemoglobine, mg/dL	12.8 ± 3.6	11.4 ± 0.9	12.2 ± 2.5	12.6 ± 3.4	0.09
Bilirubin, mg/dL	0.7 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 0.3	0.08
Uric acid, mg/dL	7.1 ± 2.6	6.0 ± 1.7	6.9 ± 2.6	7.9 ± 2.8	0.13
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	1.3 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.2	0.25
Creatinine clearance, mL/min	55.3 ± 13.4	53.2 ± 8.9	50.5 ± 11.4	57.2 ± 6.3	0.48
6MWD, m	351.9 ± 153.2	372.5 ± 127.5	375.3 ± 186.8	319.5 ± 131.9	0.55

AHT: Arterial hypertension; CAD: Coronary artery disease; HLP: Hyperlipoproteinemia; PAH: Pulmonary arterial hypertension; ECG: Electrocardiogram; RV: Right ventricular; NT pro-BNP: N-terminal pro brain-natriuretic-peptide; 6MWD: 6 min walking distance.