Impaired norepinephrine regulation of monocyte inflammatory cytokine balance in heart failure

Table 1 Patient characteristics

%	Heart failure (n = 12)	Healthy subjects (n = 14)	P value
Age (yr)	66 ± 12	66 ± 12	0.994
Male	67	36	0.238
Caucasian ethnicity	92	100	0.462
LVEF	22 ± 9
Diabetes	33	0	0.033
CAD	50	0	0.004
Hypertension	25	29	1.000
Medications
Beta-blocker	50	0
ACE inhibitor or ARB	75	7
Loop diuretic	100	0
ARA	42	0
Hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate	8	0
Amiodarone	50	0
Digoxin	50	0

ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARA: Aldosterone receptor blocker; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; CAD: Coronary artery disease; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction.