Percutaneous closure of secundum type atrial septal defects: More than 5-year follow-up

Table 1 Basline characteristics

Number	104
Age (yr)	45.5 ± 17.1
Female, n (%)	78 (75.0)
Weight (kg)	73.1 ± 15.1
Risk factors and co-morbidities (%)
Arterial hypertension	18.4
Hypercholesterolemia	3.9
Diabetes	1.9
Smoking	18.4
CAD	4.9
History of SVT	26.2
Antithrombotic treatment, n (%)
None	59 (56.7)
Aspirin	20 (19.2)
Dipyridamol	1 (1.0)
Oral anticoagulants	21 (20.2)
Unknown	3 (2.9)
Indication for closure, n (%)
RV volume overload	72 (69.2)
Cryptogenic TIA/stroke	21 (20.2)
Asymptomatic	11 (10.6)
RVSP + CVP (mmHg)1	34.6 ± 10.5
ASD diameter (mm)2	18.3 ± 6.3
Follow up (yr)	6.4 ± 3.4

Data are presented as mean ± SD.

¹On transthoracic echocardiography;

²On transesophageal echocardiography. CAD: Coronary artery disease; SVT: Supraventricular arrhythmia; TIA: Transient ischemic attack; RVSP: Right ventricular systolic pressure; CVP: Central venous pressure; ASD: Atrial septal defect.

Table 2 Procedural characteristics n (%)

Devices
Amplatzer	76 (73.1)
Diameter, mm1	25 (12-38)
Cardioseal/starflex	28 (26.9)
Diameter, mm1	33 (20-40)
General anaesthesia	104 (100)
TEE guiding	104 (100)
In-hospital complications
Device embolization	2 (1.9)
New-onset SVT	3 (2.9)
Allergic reaction	1 (1.0)
Fever	1 (1.0)
Groin hematoma	1 (1.0)
Tamponade	1 (1.0)
Shunt by TTE2
Color Doppler	9 (11.4)
Hospital stay, d1	2 (2-7)

¹Data presented as median (range);

²Data available in 79 patients. TEE: Transesophageal echocardiography; SVT: Supraventricular tachycardia; TTE: Transthoracic echocardiography.

Table 3 Five years follow-up

	Amplatzer	Cardioseal/STARflex
5 yr follow-up available, n (%)	58 (76.3)	23 (82.1)
New-onset SVT
0-1 yr	5 (6.6)	5 (17.9)
> 1 yr	3 (3.9)	0
Reoccurrence TIA/stroke
0-1 yr	0	1 (3.6)
> 1 yr	2 (2.6)	0
TTE > 5 yr FU available, n	46	11
RLS
No shunt	38 (82.6)	6 (54.5)
Minimal	5 (10.9)	3 (27.3)
Moderate	1 (2.2)	2 (18.2)
Severe	2 (4.3)	0
LRS	0	0
Follow up (yr)	6.6 (5.0-11.1)	9.9 (6.3-13.4)

SVT: Supraventricular arrhythmia; TIA: Transient ischaemic attack; TTE: Transthoracic echocardiography; FU: Follow-up; RLS: Right-to-left shunt; LRS: Left-to-right shunt.