Distribution of late gadolinium enhancement in various types of cardiomyopathies: Significance in differential diagnosis, clinical features and prognosis

Table 1 Distribution and patterns of late gadolinium enhancement and other cardiac magnetic resonance findings in various types of cardiomyopathies

Cardiomyopathies		LGE distribution		LGE patterns	Other CMR features
		Intra-cardiac	Intra-myocardium
Ischemic		LV regions corresponding to coronary distribution	Subendocardium to transmural	Striated, transmural	LV wall motion abnormality, wall thinning, aneurysm
Non-ischemic	Dilated cardiomyopathy	Inter-ventricular septum	Mid-wall	Striated	Diffuse LV wall thinning, shortened post-contrast T1
	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	Regions with hypertrophy	Any	Patchy, striated	Asymmetrical or symmetrical LV hypertrophy
	End-stage HCM	Diffuse	Any	Patchy, striated, transmural	LV dilatation with Inhomogenous LV wall thickening
	Cardiac sarcoidosis	Any	Any	Patchy, striated, transmural	LV aneurysm, myocardial edema in T2 black blood sequences
	Stress cardiomyopathy	Regions with ballooning	Any	Patchy, transient	Myocardial ballooning, RV motion abnormality
	Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardio-myopathy/dysplasia	RV (sometimes with LV)	Any	Striated	Focal or global RV dilatation, fatty infiltration in fat suppression sequence
	Cardiac amyloidosis	Any	Subendocardial, transmural	Diffuse	Diffuse hypertrophy, thickened valve leaflets, prolonged native T1
	Myocarditis	Any	Subepicardial	Diffuse	Myocardial edema in T2 black blood sequences, early GE, prolonged native T1
	Anderson-Fabry disease	Postero-lateral LV	Mid-wall	Striated	Concentric/eccentric but non-obstructive LV hypertrophy, shortened native T1
	Endomyocardial fibrosis	Inflow tract to apex	Subendocardial	Diffuse	Distorted ventricles with normal or reduced volume and enlarged atria
	Cardiac involvement in SSc	Any	Any	Any
	LV non-compaction	NA	NA	NA	High non-compacted/compacted myocardial ratio
	Iron-overload cardio- myopathy (cardiac hemochromatosis)	NA	NA	NA	Shortened T2-star

LV: Left ventricular; LGE: Late gadolinium enhancement; CMR: Cardiac magnetic resonance; RV: Right ventricular; NA: No available information; ICM: Ischemic; NICM: Non-ischemic; DCM: Dilated cardiomyopathy; HCM: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.