Timely reperfusion for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Effect of direct transfer to primary angioplasty on time delays and clinical outcomes

Table 1 Effect of direct transfer on time delays n (%)

n	DTB	TTT	FP	Staff	Ref.
161 (DT 13)	87 vs 168	-	14%	Physician	[24]
658 (DT 25.2)	-	146 vs 191	-	Physician	[25]
401 (DT 59.9)	124 vs 154 (group PPCI)	-	-	Paramedics	[55]
301 (DT 35.8)	74 vs 116	150 vs 203	7%	Paramedics (teletransmission)	[28]
344 (DT 39.2)	69 vs 123	158 vs 230	-	Paramedics	[21]
1437 (DT 42.9)	83 vs 103	150 vs 200	-	Paramedics (teletransmission)	[26]
581 (DT 78)	69 vs 118	149 vs 219	-	Paramedics (computed algorithm)	[61]
1194 (DT 21)	102 vs 125	189 vs 259	4.7%	Physician	[27]
1859 (DT 23)	105 vs 122	185 vs 255	-	Physician	[67]

DT: Direct transfer; DTB: Door-to-balloon; FP: False positives; TTT: Time to treatment; PPCI: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Table 2 Effect of direct transfer on clinical events n (%)

n	Short-term mortality	Late mortality	Adjusted mortality	Ref.
401 (DT 59.9)	13.3% vs 5%, P = 0.001	-	-	[55]
1204 (DT 66.9)	4.9% vs 8.6%, P = 0.01	11.5% vs 15.6%, P < 0.05	OR = 1.67 use ED	[57]
467 (DT 44.7)	1% vs 3.2%, P = NS	2.1% vs 5.6%, P = 0.04	OR = 0.3 if DT	[23]
344 (DT 39.2)	3.7% vs 5.7%, P = 0.3	6% vs 7.7%, P = 0.67	-	[21]
1437 (DT 42.9)	-	-	HR = 0.67 at 1 yr for death/reMI in DT	[26]
7098 (DT 27.4)	6.7% vs 9.5%, P = NS	-	OR = 0.80, P = NS in DT	[62]
581 (DT 78)	7% vs 13%, P = 0.03	-	-	[61]
1389 (DT 59.2)	3% vs 8.1%, P > 0.001	5% vs 11.5%, P < 0.001	OR = 0.52 at 180 d	[66]
1194 (DT 21)	2.7% vs 6.8%, P = 0.017	9% vs 16%, P = 0.005	OR = 0.33 at 30 d	[27]
1859 (DT 23)	3% vs 6%, P = 0.049	9.4% vs 14.4%, P = 0.008 at a median 2.4 yr	HR = 0.71 at 2.4 yr	[67]

DT: Direct transfer; ED: Emergency department; NS: Not significant.