Device-guided breathing exercises for the treatment of hypertension: An overview

doi:10.4330/wjc.v6.i5.277

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May 26, 2014 (publication date) through Nov 23, 2024

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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World J Cardiol. May 26, 2014; 6(5): 277-282
Published online May 26, 2014. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i5.277

Table 1 Study and patients characteristics

Ref.	Study group		Period (wk)	Study arm	Endpoint	Results (mean)
Ref.	Disease, therapy, patients	Number (I/C)		Intervention	Endpoint	Control		Intervention(mmHg)	Control(mmHg)	Difference intervention vs control (mmHg)
Schein et al[9], 2001; Israel	HT, medication, BP ≥ 140/90, 25-75 yr	32/33	Period (wk)	8	Resperate^® 10 min/d	Walkman 10 min/d	SBP DBP	156.6 > 141.4	154.7 > 143.4	-2.9 (-2.8-10.6)
Schein et al[9], 2001; Israel	HT, medication, BP ≥ 140/90, 25-75 yr	32/33	96.7 > 86.7^a	8	Resperate^® 10 min/d	Walkman 10 min/d	SBP DBP	93.4 > 87.8	-4.4^a (1.1-7.6)
Grossman et al[10], 2001; Israel	HT, medication, BP ≥ 140/90, 25-75 yr	18/15	8	Resperate^® 10 min/d	Walkman 10 min/d	Clinic, SBP DBP Home, SBP DBP	160 > 152.5 95 > 91 157 > 152.0 94 > 91.3	155 > 152.1 94 > 92.5 151 > 149.8 90 > 90.9	-4.6^a -2.5 -3.8 -3.6^a
Rosenthal et al[11], 2001; Israel	HT, medication, BP 130/85-180/110, 25-75 yr	13/-	8	Resperate^® 15 min/d	-	24 h, SBP DBP	137.1 > 129.9^a 82.5 > 80.2	- -	- -
Viskoper et al[12], 2003; Israel	HT, medication, SBP 140-160 or DBP 90-100, 40-80 yr	17/-	8	Resperate^® 15 min/d	-	Home, SBP DBP Clinic, SBP DBP	156.4 > 150.0^a 88.5 > 85.9^a 155.4 > 142.5^a 88.9 > 82.0^a	- - - -	- - - -
Meles et al[13], 2004; Italy	HT, 40-75 yr + 1) not treated, SBP 140-159 or DBP 90-99; OR = 2) medication and BP > 140/90	48/31	8	Resperate^® 15 min/d	BP 1/d	Home, SBP DBP Clinic, SBP DBP	137 > 131.6^a 83 > 79.8^a 141.4 > 135.9 88.1 > 84.5^a	126 > 124.1 79 > 78.0 133.2 > 133.0 85.9 > 86.8	-3.5^a -2.2^a -5.3 -4.5^a
Elliot et al[14], 2004; United States	HT, medication, SBP 140-179, DBP < 110, 40-75 yr	89/60	8	Resperate^® 15 min/d	BP 3/d	Clinic, SBP DBP Home, SBP DBP	150.3 > 139.7 84.7 > 81.5 145.8 > 145.3 85.9 > 85.3	149.8 > 140.6 86.8 > 83.6 141.3 > 141.9 83.7 > 83.5	-1.4 0.0 -1.1 -0.4
Logtenberg et al[15], 2007; The Netherlands	T2DM, HT, medication, SBP 140-160, > 18 yr	15/15	8	Resperate^® 15 min/d	Discman 15 min/d	Clinic, SBP DBP Home, SBP DBP	153.5 > 146.0 83.0 > 82.0 - -	150.4 > 138.2 87.0 > 81.5 - -	4.7 (-11.7-2.3) 4.6 (-10.4-2.3) 1.0 (-7.8-5.8) 1.3 (-5.8-3.2)
Altena et al[16], 2008; The Netherlands	HT, medication SBP 140-160, > 18 yr	15/15	8	Resperate^® 15 min/d	Discman 15 min/d	Clinic, SBP DBP Home, SBP DBP	-9.8 -4.6 -2.5 -4.9	-5.6 -2,0 -2.9 -3.4	-4.2 (-12.4-3.9) -2.6 (-8.4-3.3) 0.5 (-3.7-4.8) -1.8 (-8.4-4.8)
Schein et al[17], 2009; Israel	T2DM, HT, medication, SBP >130	33/33	8	Resperate^® 15 min/d	Usual care	Clinic, SBP DBP	150 > 140 81 > 77	147 > 149 81 > 80	-12^a -3
Anderson et al[18], 2010; United States	Stage 1 HT or pre-hypertension, no medication, no CVD or T2DM.	20/20	4	Resperate^® 15 min/d	Meditative exercise 15 min/d	Clinic, SBP DBP 24h, SBP DBP	141.8 > ? 88.2 > ? 138.2 > 137.7 84.6 > 83.8	140.1 > ? 85.2 > ? 137.3 > 137.8 80.4 > 81.8	- - -1 -2.2
Bertisch et al[19], 2011; United States	HT and OSA, medication or untreated, BP 120/80-160/100, 20-75 yr	25/-	8	BiPAP^® 15 min/d	-	Clinic, SBP DBP	140 > 130.4^a 82.7 > 80.2	- -	- -
Landman et al[20], 2013; The Netherlands	T2DM, HT, medication, SBP 140-160, ≥ 18 yr	24/24	8	Resperate^® 15 min/d	Sham- Device 15 min/d	Clinic, SBP DBP Home, SBP DBP	151.6 > 145.6 82.1 > 76.2 ? ?	151.2 > 142.8 80.7 > 77.0 ? ?	2.4 (-6.5-11.2) -2.3 (-6.7-2.2) -3.0 (-13.2-7.2) 0.1 (-6.9-7.1)
Howorka et al[21], 2013; Austria	T2DM, HT, medication, BP < target value, 18-78 yr	16/16	8	Resperate^® 12 min/d	Usual care	24h, SBP DBP Daytime SBP DBP	126.1 > 123.2^a ? 129.3 > 127.1 ?	? ? ? ?	? (P = 0.18) ? (P = 0.43)

^aP < 0.05 vs control. I: Intervention; C: Control; HT: Hypertension; SBP: (Systolic) blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea.

Table 2 Randomized controlled trials with an active control group: methodological quality

Criteria	Schein[9]	Grossman[10]	Logtenberg[15]	Altena[16]	Anderson[18]	Landman[20]
Randomization adequate	+/-	+	+	+	-	+
Treatment allocation concealed	+	?	+	+	-	+
Groups similar at baseline	+	+	+	+	+	+
Patient blinded	+/-	+/-	+	+	-	+
Care provider blinded	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	+
Outcome assessor blinded	-	?	-	-	-	+
Co-interventions avoided	+	+/-	?	+	?	+
Compliance acceptable	+	?	+	+	+	+
Withdrawal/drop-out rate acceptable	+	+	+	+	+	+
Timing of outcome assessment similar	+	+	+	+	+	+
Intention to treat analyses	+/-	+	+	+	-	+

Citation: Hateren KJV, Landman GW, Logtenberg SJ, Bilo HJ, Kleefstra N. Device-guided breathing exercises for the treatment of hypertension: An overview. World J Cardiol 2014; 6(5): 277-282
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v6/i5/277.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v6.i5.277