Neuroticism personality trait is associated with Quality of Life in patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Table 1 Demographic data and clinical characteristics in all chronic heart failure patients (n = 36)

Age, yr	54 ± 12
Gender, (M/F)	30/6
BMI, kg/m²	28.3 ± 4.9
NYHA class I/II/III	(10/20/6)
LVEF	33% ± 10%
CHF Etiology
Non-ischemic	18 (50%)
Ischemic	18 (50%)
Medical treatment
ACE inhibitors	88%
β-blockers	85%
Diuretics	85%
Spironolactone	52%
Amiodarone	35%
Digitalis	11%
Nitrates	20%
Antiplatelets	44%
Anticoagulants	23%

Continuous variables values are presented as means ± SD. BMI: Body mass index; NYHA: New York Heart Association; LVEF: Left ventricle ejection fraction; ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; CHF: Chronic heart failure.

Table 2 Psychometric and cardiopulmonary exercise testing measurements in all chronic heart failure patients (n = 36)

KPLS	85 ± 14
KSSS	64 ± 21
KSFS	86 ± 16
KSBS	80 ± 19
KTSS	82 ± 17
KSES	67 ± 27
KQOLS	57 ± 24
KSLS	75 ± 26
KOSS	75 ± 17
KCSS	85 ± 14
Neuroticism	16 ± 5
Extraversion	29 ± 8
Openness	25 ± 5
Agreeableness	26 ± 6
Conscientiousness	30 ± 5
VO2 peak, mL/kg per minute	15.9 ± 4.4
WRp, Watt	99 ± 41
VE/VCO2 slope	35 ± 7
AT, mL/kg per minute	9.7 ± 2.4

KCCQ: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; KPLS: Kansas Physical Limitation Score; KSSS: Kansas Symptom Stability Score; KSFS: Kansas Symptom Frequency Score; KSBS: Kansas Symptom Burden Score; KTSS: Kansas Total Symptom Score; KSES: Kansas Self-Efficacy Score; KQOLS: Kansas Quality of Life Score; KSLS: Kansas Social Limitation Score; KOSS: Kansas Overall Summary Score; KCSS: Kansas Clinical Summary Score; VO₂ peak: Peak oxygen uptake; WRp: Peak work rate; VE/VCO₂ slope: The slope of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide output during exercise; AT: Anaerobic threshold.

Table 3 Pearson’s Simple Correlations between Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Quality of Life and NEO Five-Factor Inventory personality parameters

KPLS	-0.53b	-0.01	0.31	-0.15	-0.03
KSSS	-0.30	-0.02	-0.06	-0.17	-0.15
KSFS	-0.54b	-0.31	-0.09	-0.41	-0.24
KSBS	-0.57b	-0.27	-0.15	-0.27	-0.37
KTSS	-0.61b	-0.29	-0.09	-0.35	-0.32
KSES	0.00	-0.14	-0.24	-0.28	-0.42
KQOLS	-0.38a	-0.13	-0.02	-0.26	-0.31
KSLS	-0.39a	-0.12	0.13	0.02	0.10
KOSS	-0.54b	0.05	0.08	-0.19	-0.07
KCSS	-0.62b	-0.08	0.10	-0.28	-0.10
	Neuroticism	Extraversion	Openness	Agreea- bleness	Conscien- tiousness

The statistical significance was set at P value < 0.05.

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.01. KCCQ: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; KPLS: Kansas Physical Limitation Score; KSSS: Kansas Symptom Stability Score; KSFS: Kansas Symptom Frequency Score; KSBS: Kansas Symptom Burden Score; KTSS: Kansas Total Symptom Score; KSES: Kansas Self-Efficacy Score; KQOLS: Kansas Quality of Life Score; KSLS: Kansas Social Limitation Score; KOSS: Kansas Overall Summary Score; KCSS: Kansas Clinical Summary Score; NEO-FFI: NEO Five-Factor Inventory.

Table 4 Multiple linear regression analyses of predictors of Quality of Life

Variables	KCCQ summary scales
	KCCQ Overall Summary Score adjusted R2 = 0.51; F = 13.33,P < 0.001				KCCQ Clinical Summary Score adjusted R2 = 0.64; F =18.89,P < 0.001
	B	SE	beta	Sig.	B	SE	beta	Sig.
Neuroticism	-1.02	0.43	-0.32	P < 0.05	-0.95	0.31	-0.37	P < 0.05
VE/VCO2 slope	-1.01	0.32	-0.41	P < 0.05	-0.6	0.23	-0.31	P < 0.05
VO2 peak	1.04	0.55	0.26	NS	1.16	0.39	0.37	P < 0.05

KCCQ: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; VE/VCO₂ slope: The slope of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide output during exercise; VO₂ peak: Peak oxygen uptake.