Central obesity in Yemeni children: A population based cross-sectional study

doi:10.4330/wjc.v5.i8.295

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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World J Cardiol. Aug 26, 2013; 5(8): 295-304
Published online Aug 26, 2013. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v5.i8.295

Table 1 Descriptive statistics by age group of the 3114 study participants are reported

Age (yr)	n	Weight	Height (cm)	BMI (kg/m²)	WC	WHtR	HC	WHR
Boys
6	47	17.4 ± 3.5	104.7 ± 8.4	16.0 ± 3.6	48.6 ± 6.5	0.47 ± 0.06	55.3 ± 9.1	0.88 ± 0.08
7	90	18.8 ± 3.5	109.9 ± 8.8	15.7 ± 2.8	50.8 ± 5.7	0.47 ± 0.07	57.2 ± 6.6	0.89 ± 0.07
8	99	21.3 ± 4.5	114.7 ± 9.4	16.4 ± 3.8	52.2 ± 7.1	0.46 ± 0.07	59.6 ± 7.6	0.88 ± 0.08
9	101	24.3 ± 7.4	120.5 ± 10.6	16.8 ± 4.6	55.6 ± 8.5	0.46 ± 0.08	63.8 ± 8.9	0.87 ± 0.07
10	132	26.8 ± 6.6	126.9 ± 10	16.9 ± 4.1	56.3 ± 7.5	0.45 ± 0.06	64.6 ± 9.1	0.88 ± 0.09
11	102	26.7 ± 4.8	129.3 ± 7.9	16.0 ± 2.8	57.0 ± 7.0	0.44 ± 0.05	65.2 ± 7.5	0.88 ± 0.07
12	157	29.9 ± 7.1	133.6 ± 8.4	16.7 ± 3.5	57.1 ± 8.4	0.43 ± 0.06	67.3 ± 9.0	0.85 ± 0.07
13	116	34.7 ± 8.2	141.5 ± 9.9	17.2 ± 3.4	61.4 ± 8.2	0.43 ± 0.05	71.7 ± 9.1	0.86 ± 0.07
14	158	39.2 ± 8.5	148.1 ± 9.7	17.8 ± 2.9	62.6 ± 8.1	0.42 ± 0.05	73.3 ± 8.5	0.86 ± 0.07
15	112	43.2 ± 11.7	150.3 ± 12.8	18.9 ± 4.0	66.8 ± 9.5	0.45 ± 0.06	77.2 ± 10.2	0.87 ± 0.08
16	100	47.3 ± 8.9	155.2 ± 9.6	19.7 ± 3.9	67.9 ± 9.2	0.44 ± 0.06	79.9 ± 9.3	0.85 ± 0.10
17	119	50.1 ± 9.3	160.1 ± 10.6	19.7 ± 3.9	68.1 ± 9.4	0.43 ± 0.06	80.3 ± 9.7	0.85 ± 0.08
18	133	51.4 ± 9.2	160.0 ± 11.1	20.1 ± 3.2	67.9 ± 8.7	0.43 ± 0.05	80.3 ± 9.1	0.85 ± 0.10
19	98	53.8 ± 11.3	161.3 ± 11.2	20.7 ± 4.0	70.3 ± 11.9	0.44 ± 0.07	82.8 ± 12.2	0.85 ± 0.08
Girls
6	51	17.8 ± 2.8	104.5 ± 10.5	17.0 ± 3.8	48.7 ± 7.9	0.47 ± 0.07	56.6 ± 10.7	0.87 ± 0.10
7	79	18.2 ± 4.0	109.4 ± 10.0	15.6 ± 3.9	49.8 ± 6.3	0.46 ± 0.07	57.2 ± 7.8	0.88 ± 0.09
8	86	23.2 ± 7.2	115.4 ± 11.4	17.6 ± 5.2	51.7 ± 9.7	0.45 ± 0.08	59.2 ± 9.4	0.87 ± 0.09
9	122	23.5 ± 5.3	118.6 ± 10.7	17.1 ± 4.6	52.3 ± 8.8	0.44 ± 0.09	60.6 ± 10.4	0.87 ± 0.09
10	164	25.8 ± 6.4	122.7 ± 10.3	17.1 ± 3.8	54.9 ± 8.3	0.45 ± 0.07	64.1 ± 10.1	0.86 ± 0.07
11	123	29.2 ± 7.5	130.9 ± 9.9	17.2 ± 4.5	56.6 ± 8.7	0.43 ± 0.07	66.2 ± 10.4	0.86 ± 0.10
12	124	32.5 ± 7.3	133.6 ± 10	18.2 ± 3.6	59.0 ± 9.9	0.44 ± 0.06	69.7 ± 11.4	0.85 ± 0.08
13	133	35.6 ± 6.7	138.2 ± 9.9	18.7 ± 3.6	59.3 ± 10.0	0.43 ± 0.07	70.3 ± 11.6	0.85 ± 0.07
14	130	41.1 ± 7.3	143.9 ± 8.7	19.9 ± 3.3	63.7 ± 9.3	0.44 ± 0.06	75.2 ± 11.1	0.86 ± 0.10
15	102	44.6 ± 10.3	147.9 ± 10.1	20.3 ± 3.9	67.8 ± 8.8	0.46 ± 0.05	80.8 ± 10.3	0.84 ± 0.08
16	108	47.6 ± 9.4	149.9 ± 8.1	21.1 ± 3.5	68.0 ± 9.5	0.45 ± 0.06	82.4 ± 10.2	0.83 ± 0.10
17	97	46.1 ± 8.7	151.4 ± 9.6	20.0 ± 3.1	68.1 ± 9.6	0.45 ± 0.06	82.3 ± 9.9	0.83 ± 0.08
18	128	48.9 ± 8.9	150.5 ± 8.2	21.6 ± 3.6	70.2 ± 9.2	0.47 ± 0.06	84.3 ± 9.8	0.84 ± 0.09
19	105	50.9 ± 10.3	152.2 ± 7.9	21.9 ± 4.0	70.2 ± 11.9	0.46 ± 0.07	86.1 ± 11.5	0.82 ± 0.09

Sample sizes, mean ± SD for weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), hip circumference (HC), and waist to hip ratio (WHR) for Yemeni boys and girls six to nineteen years of age (n = 3114).

Table 2 Age, and gender specific smoothed waist circumference percentiles for Yemeni children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years

Age (yr)	n	3^rd	5^th	10^th	25^th	50^th	75^th	90^th	95^th	97^th
Boys
6	47	36.60	38.50	41.30	45.40	48.90	52.50	57.20	60.70	63.30
7	90	37.60	39.70	42.60	46.80	50.40	54.10	58.90	62.50	65.20
8	99	38.80	40.90	43.90	48.20	52.00	55.80	60.80	64.50	67.30
9	101	40.00	42.20	45.30	49.80	53.60	57.60	62.70	66.50	69.40
10	132	41.20	43.40	46.60	51.20	55.10	59.20	64.40	68.40	71.30
11	102	42.20	44.50	47.70	52.50	56.50	60.70	66.10	70.10	73.10
12	157	43.40	45.80	49.10	54.00	58.10	62.40	68.00	72.10	75.20
13	116	44.90	47.40	50.80	55.80	60.10	64.60	70.30	74.70	77.90
14	158	46.70	49.20	52.80	58.00	62.40	67.10	73.00	77.50	80.80
15	112	48.40	51.00	54.70	60.10	64.70	69.50	75.70	80.30	83.80
16	100	49.70	52.40	56.30	61.80	66.60	71.50	77.80	82.60	86.20
17	119	50.80	53.50	57.40	63.10	67.90	73.00	79.40	84.30	87.90
18	133	51.60	54.30	58.30	64.10	69.00	74.10	80.70	85.60	89.30
19	98	52.30	55.10	59.10	65.00	70.00	75.20	81.80	86.80	90.60
Girls
6	51	34.30	36.50	39.70	44.40	48.70	53.10	58.00	61.30	63.60
7	79	35.10	37.40	40.60	45.50	49.90	54.30	59.30	62.70	65.10
8	86	36.00	38.30	41.70	46.60	51.10	55.70	60.80	64.30	66.80
9	121	37.10	39.40	42.90	48.00	52.60	57.30	62.60	66.20	68.70
10	164	38.40	40.80	44.40	49.60	54.50	59.30	64.70	68.50	71.10
11	123	39.80	42.40	46.10	51.50	56.50	61.60	67.20	71.10	73.80
12	124	41.40	44.00	47.90	53.50	58.70	640	69.80	73.90	76.70
13	132	43.00	45.70	49.70	55.60	61.00	66.50	72.60	76.70	79.70
14	130	44.70	47.50	51.70	57.80	63.40	69.10	75.40	79.80	82.80
15	102	46.20	49.20	53.50	59.80	65.60	71.50	78.00	82.50	85.70
16	108	47.40	50.50	54.90	61.40	67.30	73.40	80.10	84.70	87.90
17	97	48.40	51.50	55.90	62.60	68.70	74.80	81.60	86.30	89.60
18	128	49.10	52.30	56.90	63.60	69.80	76.00	83.00	87.70	91.10
19	105	49.80	53.00	57.60	64.50	70.70	77.10	84.10	88.90	92.30

Age, and gender specific smoothed waist circumference percentiles for Yemeni children and adolescents aged 6- 19 years (n = 3114).

Table 4 Age, and gender specific smoothed waist-to-height ratio percentiles for Yemeni children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years

Age (yr)	n	3^rd	5^th	10^th	25^th	50^th	75^th	90^th	95^th	97^th
Boys
6	47	0.35	0.37	0.4	0.44	0.47	0.51	0.55	0.59	0.61
7	90	0.35	0.36	0.39	0.43	0.46	0.50	0.54	0.58	0.60
8	99	0.34	0.36	0.38	0.42	0.45	0.49	0.53	0.57	0.59
9	101	0.34	0.35	0.38	0.41	0.45	0.48	0.53	0.56	0.58
10	132	0.33	0.35	0.37	0.41	0.44	0.47	0.52	0.55	0.57
11	102	0.33	0.34	0.37	0.40	0.44	0.47	0.51	0.54	0.57
12	157	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.40	0.43	0.46	0.51	0.54	0.56
13	116	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.40	0.43	0.46	0.50	0.53	0.56
14	158	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.40	0.43	0.46	0.50	0.53	0.55
15	112	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.40	0.43	0.46	0.50	0.53	0.56
16	100	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.40	0.43	0.46	0.50	0.53	0.56
17	119	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.40	0.43	0.46	0.50	0.53	0.56
18	133	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.40	0.43	0.46	0.50	0.53	0.56
19	98	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.40	0.43	0.46	0.51	0.54	0.56
Girls
6	51	0.34	0.36	0.38	0.43	0.47	0.51	0.55	0.59	0.61
7	79	0.33	0.35	0.38	0.42	0.46	0.50	0.54	0.58	0.60
8	86	0.32	0.34	0.37	0.41	0.45	0.49	0.53	0.57	0.59
9	121	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.41	0.44	0.48	0.53	0.56	0.58
10	164	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.40	0.44	0.48	0.52	0.55	0.58
11	123	0.32	0.33	0.36	0.40	0.44	0.48	0.52	0.55	0.57
12	124	0.32	0.33	0.36	0.40	0.44	0.48	0.52	0.55	0.57
13	132	0.32	0.33	0.36	0.40	0.44	0.48	0.52	0.55	0.57
14	130	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.40	0.44	0.48	0.53	0.56	0.58
15	102	0.32	0.34	0.37	0.41	0.45	0.49	0.53	0.56	0.59
16	108	0.33	0.34	0.37	0.41	0.45	0.49	0.54	0.57	0.59
17	97	0.33	0.35	0.37	0.42	0.45	0.50	0.54	0.57	0.60
18	128	0.33	0.35	0.38	0.42	0.46	0.50	0.55	0.58	0.60
19	105	0.33	0.35	0.38	0.42	0.46	0.50	0.55	0.58	0.60

Age, and gender specific smoothed waist-to-height ratio percentiles for Yemeni children and adolescents aged 6-19 years (n = 3114).

Table 3 Age, and gender specific smoothed waist hip ratio percentiles for Yemeni children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years

Age (yr)	n	3^th	5^th	10^th	25^th	50^th	75^th	90^th	95^th	97^th
Boys
6	47	0.73	0.76	0.79	0.84	0.89	0.93	0.99	1.03	1.05
7	90	0.73	0.75	0.79	0.84	0.88	0.93	0.98	1.02	1.04
8	99	0.72	0.75	0.78	0.83	0.88	0.92	0.97	1.01	1.04
9	101	0.72	0.74	0.78	0.83	0.87	0.92	0.97	1.01	1.03
10	132	0.72	0.74	0.77	0.82	0.86	0.91	0.96	1.00	1.03
11	102	0.71	0.73	0.77	0.82	0.86	0.90	0.96	0.99	1.02
12	157	0.71	0.73	0.76	0.81	0.85	0.90	0.95	0.99	1.01
13	116	0.70	0.73	0.76	0.81	0.85	0.90	0.95	0.98	1.01
14	158	0.70	0.73	0.76	0.81	0.85	0.89	0.95	0.98	1.01
15	112	0.70	0.73	0.76	0.81	0.85	0.89	0.95	0.98	1.01
16	100	0.70	0.72	0.76	0.80	0.85	0.89	0.94	0.98	1.01
17	119	0.70	0.72	0.76	0.80	0.85	0.89	0.94	0.98	1.00
18	133	0.70	0.72	0.76	0.80	0.85	0.89	0.94	0.98	1.00
19	98	0.70	0.73	0.76	0.81	0.85	0.90	0.95	0.98	1.01
Girls
6	51	0.70	0.73	0.77	0.82	0.87	0.93	0.98	1.01	1.04
7	79	0.70	0.73	0.76	0.82	0.87	0.92	0.98	1.01	1.03
8	86	0.70	0.72	0.76	0.81	0.87	0.92	0.97	1.00	1.03
9	121	0.69	0.72	0.75	0.81	0.86	0.91	0.96	1.00	1.02
10	164	0.69	0.71	0.75	0.80	0.86	0.91	0.96	0.99	1.02
11	123	0.68	0.71	0.75	0.80	0.85	0.90	0.95	0.99	1.01
12	124	0.68	0.71	0.74	0.80	0.85	0.90	0.95	0.98	1.01
13	132	0.68	0.70	0.74	0.79	0.84	0.90	0.95	0.98	1.00
14	130	0.68	0.70	0.74	0.79	0.84	0.89	0.94	0.98	1.00
15	102	0.67	0.70	0.73	0.79	0.84	0.89	0.94	0.97	0.99
16	108	0.67	0.69	0.73	0.78	0.83	0.88	0.93	0.97	0.99
17	97	0.67	0.69	0.73	0.78	0.83	0.88	0.93	0.96	0.98
18	128	0.66	0.69	0.72	0.78	0.83	0.88	0.93	0.96	0.98
19	105	0.66	0.68	0.72	0.77	0.82	0.87	0.92	0.95	0.97

Age, and gender specific smoothed waist hip ratio percentiles for Yemeni children and adolescents aged 6-19 years (n = 3114).

Table 5 Logistic regression of factors associated to different definitions of central obesity

Variables	WHtR≥0.5 OR (95%CI)	WC≥90^th OR (95%CI)	WHtR≥0.5/WC≥90^th OR (95%CI)
Age (yr)	0.98 (0.94-1.02)	0.95 (0.90-1.00)	0.96 (0.90-1.01)
Gender (girls vs boys)	1.55 (1.29-1.89)	0.97 (0.77-1.22)	1.22 (0.94-1.57)
Location (rural vs urban)	0.66 (0.54-0.79)	0.52 (0.41-0.66)	0.52 (0.40-0.67)
Education (yr)	0.99 (0.95-1.03)	1.08 (1.02-1.14)	1.05 (0.99-1.11)
Sedentary (vs active)	1.42 (1.14-1.75)	1.52 (1.17-1.98)	1.65 (1.24-2.19)

Logistic regression of factors associated to different definitions of central obesity: waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥ 0.5, waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90^th percentile, and the combination of WHtR ≥ 0.5, and WC ≥ 90^th percentile. Data are reported as adjusted odd ratio (OR) with 95%CI.

Table 6 Comparison between waist-to-height ratio 10^th, 50^th and 90^th percentiles for Yemeni, Pakistani (n = 12), and Norwegian (n = 22) boys and girls

Age	10th percentiles			50th percentiles			90th percentiles
	Y	P	N	Y	P	N	Y	P	N
Boys
6	0.4	0.41	0.41	0.47	0.46	0.45	0.55	0.52	0.49
7	0.39	0.4	0.4	0.46	0.45	0.44	0.54	0.52	0.48
8	0.38	0.4	0.39	0.45	0.45	0.43	0.53	0.52	0.48
9	0.38	0.39	0.38	0.45	0.45	0.42	0.53	0.52	0.48
10	0.37	0.39	0.38	0.44	0.44	0.42	0.52	0.52	0.48
11	0.37	0.38	0.37	0.44	0.44	0.42	0.51	0.52	0.48
12	0.36	0.38	0.37	0.43	0.44	0.41	0.51	0.52	0.47
13	0.36	-	0.36	0.43	-	0.41	0.5	-	0.47
14	0.36	-	0.36	0.43	-	0.41	0.5	-	0.46
15	0.36	-	0.37	0.43	-	0.41	0.5	-	0.46
16	0.36	-	0.37	0.43	-	0.41	0.5	-	0.47
17	0.36	-	0.38	0.43	-	0.42	0.5	-	0.47
18	0.36	-	0.38	0.43	-	0.43	0.5	-	0.48
19	0.36	-	-	0.43	-	-	0.51	-	-
Girls
6	0.38	0.41	0.42	0.47	0.45	0.45	0.55	0.51	0.49
7	0.38	0.4	0.4	0.46	0.45	0.43	0.54	0.52	0.49
8	0.37	0.4	0.4	0.45	0.45	0.43	0.53	0.52	0.48
9	0.36	0.4	0.39	0.44	0.45	0.42	0.53	0.53	0.48
10	0.36	0.39	0.39	0.44	0.44	0.41	0.52	0.53	0.47
11	0.36	0.38	0.38	0.44	0.44	0.41	0.52	0.53	0.46
12	0.36	0.37	0.38	0.44	0.43	0.4	0.52	0.52	0.46
13	0.36	-	0.37	0.44	-	0.4	0.52	-	0.45
14	0.36	-	0.37	0.44	-	0.4	0.53	-	0.45
15	0.37	-	0.37	0.45	-	0.4	0.53	-	0.45
16	0.37	-	0.38	0.45	-	0.4	0.54	-	0.45
17	0.37	-	0.38	0.45	-	0.41	0.54	-	0.46
18	0.38	-	0.39	0.46	-	0.42	0.55	-	0.47
19	0.38	-	-	0.46	-	-	0.55	-	-

Comparison between waist-to-height ratio 10^th, 50^th and 90^th percentiles for Yemeni (Y), Pakistani (P), and Norwegian (N) boys and girls.

Citation: Bamoshmoosh M, Massetti L, Aklan H, Al-Karewany M, Goshae HA, Modesti PA. Central obesity in Yemeni children: A population based cross-sectional study. World J Cardiol 2013; 5(8): 295-304
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v5/i8/295.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v5.i8.295