Evaluation of coronary microvascular function in patients with vasospastic angina

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics (mean ± SD) n (%)

	NonVSA group	VSA group	P value
	(n = 36)	(n = 36)
Age (yr)	60 ± 9	59 ± 9	NS
Male/female	31/5	30/6	NS
Body mass index (kg/m2)	25.2 ± 3.2	23.2 ± 2.6	0.0045
Coronary risk facto
Smoking	25 (69)	24 (67)	NS
Current/passt smoker	11/13	12/13	NS
Hypertension	21 (58)	19 (53)	NS
Dyslipidemia	11 (31)	11 (31)	NS
Diabetes mellitus	9 (25)	4 (11)	NS
Taking statins (%)	4 (11)	3 (9)	NS
LVEF on echocardiography (%)	71 ± 8	68 ± 7	NS

VSA: Vasospastic angina; NS: Not significant; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction.

Table 2 Blood chemical parameters (mean ± SD)

	NonVSA Group	VSA Group	P value
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	196 ± 38	205 ± 27	NS
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	158 ± 63	142 ± 57	NS
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	52 ± 15	55 ± 13	NS
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	113 ± 30	123 ± 24	NS
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL)	103 ± 24	97 ± 13	NS
Hemoglobin A1C (%)	5.6 ± 0.8	5.4 ± 0.6	NS
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	1.8 ± 2.9	1.6 ± 3.6	NS

VSA: Vasospastic angina; NS: Not significant; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein.

Table 3 Quantitative coronary angiography and Doppler flow velocity (mean ± SD)

	NonVSA Group	VSA Group	P value
Heart rate at baseline (/min)	67 ± 13	67 ± 9	NS
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	107 ± 11	103 ± 16	NS
Coronary artery diameter (mm)
Baseline	3.14 ± 0.48	2.95 ± 0.55	NS
Acetylcholine 3 μg/min	3.24 ± 0.55	2.90 ± 0.59	0.013
Nitroglycerin infusion	3.57 ± 0.65	3.43 ± 0.55	NS
Coronary blood flow (mL/min)
Baseline	94 ± 48	84 ± 69	NS
Acetylcholine 3 μg/min	153 ± 15	130 ± 15	NS
Average peak velocity (cm/s)
Baseline	21 ± 8	21 ± 12	NS
After ATP infusion	63 ± 25	64 ± 24	NS

VSA: Vasospastic angina; NS: Not significant; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate.

Table 4 Relationship between clinical parameters and coronary microvascular function (mean ± SD)

Parameters	ACh-induced increase in CBF	P value	CFR	P value
Age (yr)	r = 0.188	NS	r = 0.204	NS
Disease period (mo)	r = -0.016	NS	r = -0.260	NS
Current smoking
(+, n = 12)	54.5 ± 14.0	NS	3.1 ± 0.6	NS
(-, n = 24)	54.4 ± 9.9		3.3 ± 0.8
Diffuse spasm
(+, n = 23)	60.8 ± 49.9	NS	3.2 ± 0.6	NS
(-, n = 13)	43.2 ± 43.3		3.3 ± 0.9
Distal spasm
(+, n = 20)	57.0 ± 49.3	NS	3.2 ± 0.7	NS
(-, n = 16)	51.3 ± 47.2		3.3 ± 0.8
Multi-vessel spasm
(+, n = 7)	41.8 ± 26.4	NS	3.1 ± 0.7	NS
(-, n = 29)	57.5 ± 51.5		3.3 ± 0.7

ACh: Acetylcholine; CFR: Coronary flow reserve; NS: Not significant; CBF: Coronary blood flow.