Clinical and prognostic implications of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the transcatheter aortic valve implantation population in atrial fibrillation and non-atrial fibrillation groups (n = 17) n (%)

	AF group	SR group	P
Male gender	6 (35.3)	7 (41.2)	0.72
Age (yr)	81.3	83.9	0.15
Diabetes	8 (47.1)	6 (35.3)	0.49
Hypertension	14 (82.4)	9 (52.9)	0.07
Peripheral vascular disease	4 (23.5)	1 (5.9)	0.15
Significant coronary disease	6 (35.3)	10 (58.8)	0.17
Prior stroke	3 (17.7)	2 (11.8)	0.63
Chronic respiratory failure	2 (11.8)	4 (23.5)	0.37
Chronic renal failure	3 (17.7)	0	0.07
Hemodialysis	2 (11.8)	0	0.14
Prior warfarin use	15 (88.2)	0	< 0.01
Logistic euroSCORE (mean)	27.9	18.7	0.07
Baseline echocardiogram features
Aortic valve area (cm2, mean)	0.66	0.72	0.35
Peak gradient (mmHg, mean)	76.9	71.4	0.42
Mean gradient (mmHg, mean)	44.2	41.8	0.60
LVEF (mean)	55.9%	57.5%	0.66

AF: Atrial fibrillation; SR: Sinus rhythm; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction.

Table 2 Procedural and in-hospital outcomes (n = 17) n (%)

	AF group	Non-AF group	P
Valve size (mm)			0.27
23	13 (76.5)	10 (58.8)
26	4 (23.5)	7 (41.2)
Access			0.55
Transfemoral	16 (94.1)	15 (88.2)
Transapical	1 (5.9)	2 (11.8)
Procedural success	16 (94.1)	17 (100)	0.31
Any peri-procedural complication	7 (41.2)	7 (41.2)	1.00
Death	2 (11.8)	2 (11.8)	1
Emergent heart surgery	0	1 (5.9)	0.31
Orotracheal intubation > 24 h	0	1 (5.9)	0.31
Proshtesis embolization	0	0	-
Endocarditis	0	0	-
New onset AF	1 (5.9)	1 (5.9)	1.00
Coronary obstruction	1 (5.9)	1 (5.9)	1.00
Myocardial infarction	1 (5.9)	1 (5.9)	1.00
Stroke	0	0	-
Renal failure requiring hemodialysis	0	0	-
New pacemaker implantation	2 (11.8)	1 (5.9)	0.55
Major access site complications	0	2 (11.8)	0.14
Minor access site complications	2 (11.8)	4 (23.5)	0.37
Transfusion	5 (29.4)	2 (11.8)	0.20
Post-procedural stay (mean days)	14.4	10.2	0.22

AF: Atrial fibrillation.

Table 3 Antithrombotic treatment at discharge in patients of the atrial fibrillation group who survived to hospital discharge (n = 15)

Patient	Age	Gender	CHA2DS2-VASC	HAS-BLED	Treatment at discharge	Follow up (mo)	Non-fatal events	Follow up (mo)	Survival
1	87	Female	6	5	Warfarin	2	None	2	Alive
2	76	Male	4	4	Aspirin	32	None	32	Alive
3	81	Female	5	3	Warfarin + Aspirin	7	None	7	Alive
4	80	Female	4	3	Warfarin	1	None	1	Alive
5	90	Female	6	2	Warfarin	26	None	26	Alive
6	77	Female	5	3	Warfarin	23	None	23	Alive
7	68	Female	2	2	Aspirin + Clopidogrel	10	None	10	Alive
8	83	Male	7	4	Warfarin + Aspirin	3	None	3	Death, non-cardiac
9	80	Female	3	2	Warfarin	19	None	19	Alive
10	79	Female	5	3	Warfarin + Aspirin	30	Stroke	31	Death, non-cardiac
11	84	Female	5	3	Warfarin + Clopidogrel	1	Heart failure admission	31	Alive
12	87	Female	4	2	Warfarin + Aspirin	6	None	6	Alive
13	83	Female	3	2	Warfarin	5	None	5	Alive
14	82	Male	3	3	Warfarin + Aspirin	2	None	2	None
15	68	Male	3	2	Warfarin + Clopidogrel	1	Heart failure admission	3	Alive

Table 4 Follow-up echocardiographic evaluation of the prosthetic valve (mean follow-up 14.7 mo)

	AF group	SR group	P
Aortic valve area (cm2, mean)	1.66	2.05	0.18
Peak gradient (mmHg, mean)	18.6	19.3	0.86
Mean gradient (mmHg, mean)	9.5	11.0	0.51
LVEF (mean)	59%	62.9%	0.14
Valvular aortic regurgitation
No	70%	66.7%	-
Mild	30%	33.3%	-
Moderate	0%	0%	-
Severe	0%	0%	-
Paravalvular aortic regurgitation
No	10%	55.6%	-
Mild	70%	44.4%	-
Moderate	20%	0%	-
Severe	0%	0%	-