Impact of single chamber and dual chamber permanent pacemaker implantation on left ventricular function: An observational study

Table 1 Various parameters at baseline and at 3 months follow-up intervals

Variable	Parameter	Baseline	3 months	3 months	6 months	6 months	9 months	P value
LVEF (M Mode) (%)	mean ± SD	63.69 ± 5.19	62.51 ± 4.76	62.51 ± 4.76	61.14 ± 4.71	61.14 ± 4.71	58.58 ± 4.24	< 0.001
	% Mean change	1.85		2.20		1.80
LVEF (Simpson) (%)	mean ± SD	64.03 ± 5.36	62.71 ± 4.66	62.71 ± 4.66	61.07 ± 4.41	61.07 ± 4.41	58.48 ± 3.89
	% Mean change	2.06		2.62		2.33
LVEDD (MM)	mean ± SD	40.57 ± 4.07	41.01 ± 3.55	41.01 ± 3.55	43.78 ± 3.04	43.78 ± 3.04	45.14 ± 3.07
	% Mean change	-2.60		-5.19		-3.10
LVESD (MM)	mean ± SD	22.76 ± 2.40	23.96 ± 1.46	23.96 ± 1.46	25.98 ± 1.30	25.98 ± 1.30	27.71 ± 1.56
	% Mean change	-5.25		-8.42		-6.67
SV (ML)	mean ± SD	84.96 ± 20.38	80.41 ± 17.89	80.41 ± 17.89	76.26 ± 16.44	76.26 ± 16.44	70.48 ± 11.30
	% Mean change	5.36		5.15		7.59
E/A	mean ± SD	1.08 ± 0.191	1.18 ± 0.15	1.18 ± 0.15	1.36 ± 0.18	1.36 ± 0.18	1.50 ± 0.166
	% Mean change	-8.86		-14.93		-10.63
E/E’	mean ± SD	9.05 ± 2.41	9.82 ± 2.52	9.82 ± 2.52	10.79 ± 3.03	10.79 ± 3.03	11.59 ± 3.60
	% Mean change	-8.48		-9.83		-7.48
IVRT (MS)	mean ± SD	81.39 ± 9.45	85.25 ± 9.54	85.25 ± 9.54	89.53 ± 9.54	89.53 ± 9.54	93.07 ± 10.38
	% Mean change	-4.78		-4.98		-3.95
DT (SEC)	mean ± SD	187.79 ± 32.58	194.84 ± 31.20	194.84 ± 31.20	204.79 ± 31.04	204.79 ± 31.04	214.46 ± 31.01
	% Mean change	-3.75		-5.11		-4.72
TR (M/S)	mean ± SD	1.50 ± 0.53	1.73 ± 0.43	1.73 ± 0.43	1.99 ± 0.43	1.99 ± 0.43	2.26 ± 0.46
	% Mean change	-15.03		-15.02		-13.60
PASP (MM/HG)	mean ± SD	17.47 ± 5.89	20.59 ± 6.90	20.59 ± 6.90	23.35 ± 7.83	23.35 ± 7.83	26.66 ± 9.96
	% Mean change	-17.87		-13.41		-14.16
GLS (%)	mean ± SD	-17.95 ± 2.95	-16.74 ± 2.86	-16.74 ± 2.86	-14.03 ± 2.34	-14.03 ± 2.34	-12.85 ± 1.95
	% Mean change	6.71		16.21		8.37
TMT (METS)	mean ± SD	13.37 ± 3.23	11.83 ± 3.08	11.83 ± 3.08	9.75 ± 2.69	9.75 ± 2.69	8.58 ± 2.30
	% Mean change	11.48		17.65		11.90
QoL	mean ± SD	69.83 ± 12.29	74.41 ± 12.83	74.41 ± 12.83	82.05 ± 7.46	82.05 ± 7.46	90.44 ± 5.89
	% Mean change	-6.55		-10.27		-10.23

DT: Deceleration time; GLS: Global longitudinal strain; IVRT: Isovolumic relaxation time; LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD: Left ventricular end-systolic dimension; PASP: Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure; QoL: Quality of life; SV: Stroke volume; TMT: Treadmill test; TR: Tricuspid regurgitation.

Table 2 New York Heart Association classification at baseline and at 3 months follow-up intervals, n (%)

NYHA	Baseline	3 months	6 months	9 months
Class 1	52 (92.85)	45 (80.40)	14 (25.00)	10 (17.90)
Class 2	4 (7.15)	11 (19.60)	38 (67.90)	33 (58.90)
Class 3	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	4 (7.10)	13 (23.20)

NYHA: New York Heart Association.

Table 3 Outcomes at baseline and at 3 months follow-up intervals, n (%)

Outcomes	Baseline	3 months	6 months	9 months
Atrial fibrillation	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	2 (3.60)	1 (1.80)
Stroke	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (1.80)	0 (0.00)