Carotid versus axillary artery cannulation for descending aorta remodeling in type A acute aortic dissection

Table 1 Baseline characteristics, n (%)

Characteristics	AA group (n = 209)	CA group (n = 234)
Age (years)	53 ± 9	53 ± 9
Male	147 (70.3)	163 (69.7)
BMI (kg/m2)	23.3 ± 2.2	23.1 ± 2.3
Previous medical history
Hypertension	158(75.6)	183 (78.2)
Dyslipidemia	46 (22.0)	47 (20.0)
Involved branch arteries
Coronary artery	20 (10.0)	25 (10.7)
Brachiocephalic artery	43 (20.6)	51 (21.8)
Coeliac trunk artery	80 (38.3)	92 (39.3)
Superior mesenteric artery	73 (34.9)	83 (35.5)
Renal artery	156 (74.6)	169 (72.2)
Cardiac function
LAD (mm)	37 [35,43]	36 [34,40]
LVEDD (mm)	51.6 ± 6.0	51.5 ± 5.8
LVEF (%)	55.6 ± 7.0	56.2 ± 7.1
Laboratory findings
hs-CRP (mg/L)	27.0 ± 12.4	27.0 ± 10.9
hs-troponin I (ug/L)	0.09 [0.04, 0.25]	0.11 [0.06, 0.18]
Lactate (mmol/L)	0.34 ± 0.13	0.32 ± 0.19
Hb (g/L)	134.2 ± 18.3	132.1 ± 17.1
WBC (109/L)	10.6 ± 2.2	10.9 ± 2.6
Neutrophil (109/L)	8.7 [7.5, 10.2]	8.6 [7.8, 10.4]

AA group: Right axillary artery in combination with femoral artery cannulation; CA group: Bilateral carotid artery in combination with femoral artery cannulation; BMI: Body mass index; LAD: Left atrium diameter; LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; hs-CRP: High sensitivity C reaction protein; Hb: Hemoglobin; WBC: White blood count. The data are presented as mean ± SD, median [interquartile range], or number (frequency).

Table 2 Operative and postoperative characteristics, n (%)

Characteristics	AA group (n = 209)	CA group (n = 234)
Surgical type on the root of aorta
Sinus repair (commissure suspension)	113 (54.1)	118 (50.4)
Bentall	36 (17.2)	38 (16.2)
Wheat	18 (8.6)	21 (9.0)
Carbrol (modified)	42 (20.1)	57 (24.4)
operative duration (min)
PT	403 ± 25	402 ± 26
CPB	189 ± 20	186 ± 20
ACC	89 [79,102]	88 [79,95]
HCA	20 [18,22]	20 [18,22]
Intraoperative allogenic transfusion
RBC (U)	4 [4,6]	4 [4,6]
PLT (U)	0.6 ± 0.6	0.5 ± 0.6
FFP (ml)	621 ± 222	610 ± 196
Cryoprecipitation (U)	1.4 ± 1.9	1.2 ± 1.9

AA: Axillary artery; CA: Carotid artery; PT: Procedure time; CPB: Cardiopulmonary bypass; ACC: Aortic cross clamp; HCA: Hypothermia circulatory arrest; RBC: Red blood cell; PLT: Platelet; FFP: Fresh frozen plasma. The data are presented as mean ± SD or number (frequency).

Table 3 Postoperative results, n (%)

Characteristics	AA group (n = 209)	CA group (n = 234)	P value
Inflammation response indexes
hs-CRP (12 hours, mg/L)	70 ± 16	65 ± 15	0.001
hs-CRP (24 hours, mg/L)	117 ± 17	104 ± 15	< 0.001
hs-CRP (48 hours, mg/L)	190 ± 16	183 ± 18	< 0.001
IL-6 (24 hours, pg/mL)	129 [103,166]	83 [69,101]	< 0.001
Cardiac injury indexes
TnI (12 hours, ng/mL)	10.6 ± 2.8	10.5 ± 2.5	0.606
TnI (24 hours, ng/mL)	5.7 [4.8, 6.7]	5.7 [5.0, 6.9]	0.612
TnI (48 hours, ng/mL)	3.0 ± 1.2	3.2 ± 1.0	0.227
Anaerobic metabolism
Lactate (12 hours, mmol/L)	9.0 ± 1.7	8.5 ± 1.6	0.003
Lactate (24 hours, mmol/L)	3.5 ± 0.8	3.2 ± 0.9	0.001
Lactate (48 hours, mmol/L)	2.1 ± 0.7	1.8 ± 0.6	< 0.001
ICU recovery
APACHE II score (24 hours)	18 ± 6	17 ± 5	0.028
Ventilation time (hour)	49 ± 20	36 ± 18	< 0.001
Duration in ICU stay (day)	4 [3,5]	3 [2,3]	< 0.001
Chest tube drainage (mL)	906 ± 168	836 ± 163	< 0.001
Involved branch arteries
Coeliac trunk artery	51 (24.4)	37 (15.8)	0.014
Superior mesenteric artery	56 (26.8)	42 (17.9)	0.025
Renal artery	121 (57.9)	105 (44.9)	0.006
30-day recovery
Death	25 (12.0)	13 (5.6)	0.018
Stroke	35 (16.7)	22 (9.4)	0.023
RRT	40 (19.1)	20 (8.5)	0.001
Duration in hospital stay (d)	16 [14,19]	14 [12,15]	< 0.001

hs-CRP: Highly sensitive C-reactive protein; IL: Interleukin; TnI: Troponin I; ICU: Intensive care unit; APACHE II score: Acute physiology, age and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score; RRT: Renal replacement treatment; other abbreviations as in Figure 1 The data are presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number (frequency).