Unveiling the silent link: Normal-tension glaucoma's enigmatic bond with cardiac blood flow

Table 1 Table showing the medication impact on glaucoma risk and mechanisms

Medication	Impact on glaucoma risk
Beta-blockers	Influence blood flow to the eyes, potentially increasing glaucoma risk
	Lower intraocular pressure via inhibition of β2-adrenoceptors on ciliary epithelium, reducing aqueous humor flow
	Non-selective β-blockers (e.g., propranolol) affect β1 and β2 receptors, impacting multiple organs including the eye, heart, and lungs
	Selective β-blockers (e.g., betaxolol) primarily target β1 receptors, with a lesser impact on β2 receptors
CCB	CCB may have negligible BP-lowering effects in individuals with already low BP
	In Flammer syndrome, some may transition from low to high blood pressure with age, prompting the use of low-dose CCBs for hypertension treatment

BP: Blood pressure; CCB: Calcium channel blocker.