Copyright
©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Cardiol. Jan 26, 2023; 15(1): 1-12
Published online Jan 26, 2023. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i1.1
Published online Jan 26, 2023. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i1.1
Table 1 Patients characteristics
Group D | Group F | P value | |
No. (%) | 54 (62) | 33 (38) | |
Age (yr) | 65 ± 11 | 69 ± 10 | 0.06 |
Male/Female | 28/26 | 22/11 | 0.18 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 4.2 | 24.7 ± 3.4 | 0.77 |
Coronary risk factors (%) | |||
Current smoker | 11 (20) | 8 (24) | 0.67 |
Hypertension | 34 (63) | 27 (82) | 0.06 |
Dyslipidemia | 36 (67) | 19 (58) | 0.39 |
Diabetes mellitus | 10 (19) | 9 (27) | 0.34 |
Family history of CAD (%) | 12 (22) | 8 (24) | 0.83 |
MtS (%) | 12 (22) | 14 (42) | 0.04 |
CKD (%) | 16 (30) | 13 (39) | 0.35 |
Table 2 The results of blood chemical and echographic parameters in the 2 groups
Group D | Group F | P value | |
Blood chemical parameters | |||
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193 ± 33 | 202 ± 40 | 0.26 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 142 ± 76 | 143 ± 58 | 0.93 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 57 ± 17 | 57 ± 17 | 0.99 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 107 ± 25 | 116 ± 32 | 0.16 |
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) | 103 ± 30 | 107 ± 15 | 0.53 |
Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.8 ± 0.9 | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 0.18 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.18) | 0.07 (0.02, 0.17) | 0.74 |
Brain natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) | 16 (10, 35) | 20 (10, 30) | 0.92 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 70.7 ± 14.5 | 67.8 ± 14.8 | 0.37 |
Echographic parameters | |||
LVEF on UCG (%) | 66 ± 9 | 67 ± 6 | 0.61 |
FMD on brachial ultrasonography (%) | 3.9 ± 2.8 (n = 47) | 2.8 ± 3.3 (n = 33) | 0.11 |
NID on brachial ultrasonography (%) | 15.2 ± 7.5 (n = 47) | 12.3 ± 5.2 (n = 33) | 0.05 |
Table 3 The results of VSA-related parameters in the 2 groups
Group D | Group F | P value | |
Medications taken before CAG | |||
Calcium-channel blocker (%) | 11 (20) | 16 (48) | 0.01 |
Long-acting nitrate (%) | 6 (11) | 9 (27) | 0.05 |
Statins (%) | 26 (48) | 9 (27) | 0.05 |
Anti-platelet therapy (%) | 14 (26) | 9 (27) | 0.89 |
VSA-related symptom | |||
Cold sweating or syncope (%) | 5 (9) | 4 (12) | 0.67 |
CAG.SPT | |||
Coronary atherosclerosis (%) | 28 (52) | 25 (76) | 0.03 |
MB (%) | 7 (13) | 10 (30) | 0.05 |
Multi-vessel spasm (%, n) | 32 (74, 43) | 19 (66, 29) | 0.42 |
Table 4 Lesional characteristics in the diffuse and focal spasms
Diffuse spasm | Focal spasm | P value | |
No. | 100 | 34 | |
ST elevation on ECG during SPT | 6 (6) | 13 (35) | < 0.01 |
Total or subtotal occlusion on CAG | 9 (9) | 9 (26) | 0.02 |
Spastic vessels: RCA/LAD | 46/54 | 13/21 | 0.43 |
Spasm site | |||
Proximal/Mid/Distal | 12/57/31 | 5/16/13 | 0.58 |
Dose of ACh at spasm provocation | |||
Low (%)/Moderate (%)/High (%) | 32 (32)/65 (65)/3 (3) | 13 (38)/16 (47)/5 (15) | 0.03 |
Intracoronary pressure indexes | |||
Baseline Pd/Pa | 0.96 ± 0.05 | 0.95 ± 0.05 | 0.35 |
Minimal Pd/Pa | 0.77 ± 0.11 | 0.66 ± 0.20 | < 0.01 |
ΔPd/Pa | - 0.19 ± 0.11 | - 0.29 ± 0.20 | < 0.01 |
iFR (n) | 0.96 ± 0.07 (n = 52) | 0.95 ± 0.08 (n = 17) | 0.83 |
FFR (n) | 0.85 ± 0.08 (n = 26) | 0.80 ± 0.10 (n = 8) | 0.18 |
Table 5 Multivessel regression analysis for Δdistal pressure/aortic pressure during spasm provocation test
Factors | F value | P value |
Focal spasm | 14.14 | < 0.01 |
Atherosclerosis | 1.38 | 0.24 |
ACh dose at spasm provocation | 1.08 | 0.34 |
R2 = 0.18 |
- Citation: Teragawa H, Oshita C, Uchimura Y. Does the intracoronary pressure differ according to two types (diffuse or focal) of coronary spasm? World J Cardiol 2023; 15(1): 1-12
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v15/i1/1.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v15.i1.1