Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Cardiol. Sep 26, 2022; 14(9): 473-482
Published online Sep 26, 2022. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i9.473
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients admitted with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Variable
n (%)
Total number of index admissions60514
Female37156 (61.4)
Mean age in year (Confidence interval)74.8 (74.52-75.1)
Charlson comorbidity index score
00
18956 (14.8)
215613 (25.8)
≥ 335945 (59.4)
Median income in patient zip code, US dollars
1-4399916823 (27.8)
44000-5599918275 (30.2)
56000-7399915007 (24.8)
74000+10408 (17.2)
Patient residence
Large metropolitan areas with at least 1 million residents27836 (46.0)
Small metropolitan areas with less than 1 million residents22753 (37.6)
Micropolitan areas 18493 (9.1)7201 (11.9)
Not metropolitan or micropolitan (non-urban residents)2723 (4.5)
Insurance type
Medicare49864 (82.4)
Medicaid4054 (6.7)
Private5809 (9.6)
Self-pay726 (1.2)
Rehab transfer59 (0.098)
Hospital teaching status
Non-teaching24871 (41.1)
Teaching35643 (58.9)
Table 2 Independent predictors of 30 d readmission
Variable
Adjusted OR (95%CI)
P value
Age0.99 (0.99-0.99)< 0.001
Female gender0.91 (0.86-0.95)< 0.001
Insurance provider (compared to medicare)
Medicaid1.15 (1.05-1.27)0.004
Private0.85 (0.77-0.93)< 0.001
Self-pay0.70 (0.53-0.93)0.015
Charlson comorbidity index score1.08 (1.06-1.09)< 0.001
Patients admitted to teaching hospital1.09 (1.04-1.15)0.001
Length of stay1.01 (1.01-1.01)< 0.001
Geographic area (compared to large metropolitan area with at least 1 million residents)
Small (area with < 1 million residents)0.91 (0.86-0.97)0.003
Micropolitan area0.83 (0.77-0.90)< 0.001
Patients admitted to teaching hospital1.09 (1.04-1.15)0.001
Length of stay1.01 (1.01-1.01)< 0.001
Geographic area (compared to large metropolitan area with at least 1 million residents)
Small (area with < 1 million residents)0.91 (0.86-0.97)0.003
Micropolitan area0.83 (0.77-0.90)< 0.001
Table 3 Primary and secondary outcomes
Outcome measures
N (%), linearized standard error, 95%CI
Readmission rate12812 (21%), 357.43, [12111-13513]
Mortality
Index cases1727 (2.9%), 76.98, [1576-1878]
Readmission1012 (7.9%), 56.61, [901-1123]
Mean length of stay
Index cases5.2, 0.05, [5.15-5.32]
Readmission6.4, 0.9, [6.21-6.56]
Total charges (in USD)
Index cases40570, 796.7, [39008-42132]
Readmission60822, 1662.9, [57561-64083]
Total cost (in USD)
Index cases11234.2, 154.1, [10932-11536]
Readmission16065, 349.7, [15379-16751]