Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: A comprehensive review

Table 1 Medication-induced takotsubo cardiomyopathy case reports

	Sundbøll et al[15], 2014	Laínez et al[16], 2009	Azouzi et al[17], 2019	Ward et al[18], 2019	Teixeira et al[19], 2014
Electrocardiogram findings	STE II, III, I, aVL, V2-6	New LBBB	Anterolateral STE	TWI	QTc prolongation (479ms)
Peak troponin I (μg/L)	0.773	N/A	0.08	N/A	8.2
Echocardiogram	Apical ballooning	Septal, apical, lateral akinesia	40%; apical hypokinesis	Basal hypokinesis	Mid-to base akinesis w/severe systolic dysfunction; preserved apical contractility
Angiography	Nonobstructive	Nonobstructive	Nonobstructive	Nonobstructive	Nonobstructive
Administered medication	Mucosal E, cocaine	NE, E	E gtt(BB overdose)	NE	Esmolol
LV Recovery Time	4 d	5 d	a	a	2 d

^aRecovered left ventricle function without documented time. N/A: Not reported; E: Epinephrine; NE: Norepinephrine; TWI: T-wave Inversion; BB: Beta-blocker; STE: ST-elevation; LV: Left ventricle.

Table 2 Iatrogenic-takotsubo cardiomyopathy after procedure case reports

	Narayanan et al[21], 2014	Yeow et al[27], 2020	Chen et al[20], 2011	Kim et al[32], 2011	Yu et al[33], 2016	Blázquez et al[4], 2010	Hui et al[34], 2019	Tori et al[35], 2008
Procedure	ECT	ECT	Percutaneous coronary intervention	Upper, lower endoscopy	Upper endoscopy	Mitral valve replacement	Bronchoscopy	cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy
Procedure medication	Propofol, succinyl choline	N/A	Undiluted NE	Pentazocine, Midazolam	Lidocaine spray, Midazolam	N/A	N/A	N/A
Electrocardiogram findings	ST depression and TWI V5-V6	Left anterior fascicular block, TWI III	STE V2-V6	STE V2-3	normal	TWI V1-6	Anterior TWI	TWI V2-5
Peak troponin I (ng/mL)	2.847	N/A	15.11	2.0	3.79	N/A	N/A	normal
Echocardiogram	52%, mid-segment and apical hypokinesia with ballooning	Mid-ventricular and apical akinesis	20-40%, severe apical and septal hypokinesis	Hyperkinetic basal LV; rest of LV akinetic	45%, Hypokinetic mid-LV	15-20%; severe mid-ventricular dysfunction, apical akinesis, with hyperdynamic basal segments	10-15%, apical ballooning and hypokinesis	apical akinesis, basal hyperkinesis
Angiography	NOB	NOB	NOB.	NOB.	NOB.	NOB.	NOB.	N/A
LV recovery time	a	3 wk d	2 d	2 mo	6 d	11 d	a	14 d

^aRecovered left ventricle function without documented time. N/A: Not reported; E: Epinephrine; NE: Norepinephrine; TWI: T-wave Inversion; BB: Beta-blocker; STE: ST-elevation; LV: Left ventricle; NOB: Nonobstructive.