Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Cardiol. Apr 26, 2022; 14(4): 190-205
Published online Apr 26, 2022. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i4.190
Table 1 Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging features
Condition
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging features
Myocardial infarction< 1 mo
Myocardial oedema present on T2-weighted images, T2 mapping and T1 mapping
Microvascular obstruction revealed as a hypointense core within hyperintense infarct zone in area of LGE
Infarct size can be calculated using pre and post-contrast T1-weighted mapping and ECV assessment
Myocardial necrosis/scar by LGE in a subendocardial or full-thickness pattern within a coronary artery territory
Additionally at < 6 mo
T2-weighted hyperintensity on double inversion recovery turbo spin echo
Takotsubo syndromeCan help distinguish coexisting CAD or acute myocarditis LGE typically absent
Myocardial oedema present on T2-weighted images, T2 mapping and T1 mapping
Accurate assessment of WMAs on cine imaging
Can be useful to identify ventricular thrombus
MyocarditisInflammatory hyperaemia demonstrated on T1-weighted images
Myocardial oedema on T2-weighted images
Myocardial necrosis/scar by LGE in a subepicardial or mid-wall pattern
Greater T1 and T2 increases with acute inflammation
Pericardial effusion
COVID-19 related cardiac dysfunctionFeatures similar to that of acute myocarditis
Myocardial oedema on T2-weighted images
Myocardial necrosis/scar by LGE in a subepicardial or mid-wall pattern
Myocardial fibrosis using T1-weighted mapping and ECV assessment
Can be useful to identify ventricular thrombus and pericardial effusion
Athlete’s heartLVH typically < 12 mm
Lower ECV with LVH compared to HCM
RV dilatation seen on cine imaging
LGE focal and generally at the RV insertion points
Table 2 Lake Louise consensus criteria for myocarditis on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Two out of three criteria must be met to be consistent with myocardial inflammation:
Regional or global myocardial signal intensity increase in T2-weighted images
Increased global myocardial early gadolinium enhancement ratio between myocardium and skeletal muscle in gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images
At least one focal lesion with nonischaemic regional distribution in inversion recovery-prepared gadolinium enhanced T1-weighted images (late gadolinium enhancement)