Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Cardiol. Mar 26, 2022; 14(3): 177-186
Published online Mar 26, 2022. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i3.177
Table 1 Comparison across cohorts

Total
Biologic envelope
Non-biologic envelope
No envelope
1P value
Any envelope
2P value
(N = 248)(n = 89)(n = 102)( n = 57)( n = 191)
Age (yr, mean ± SD)71.6 ± 13.373.6 ± 13.368.2 ± 14.074.9 ± 10.60.00270.7 ± 14.00.017
BMI, mean ± SD29.9 ± 7.128.0 ± 6.231.0 ± 7.931.0 ± 6.30.00829.6 ± 7.30.206
BMI category0.0160.080
Underweight (< 18.5)5 (2.0%)2 (2.2%)2 (2.0%)1 (1.8%)4 (2.1%)
Normal (18.5 - < 25.0)54 (21.8%)30 (33.7%)19 (18.6%)5 (8.8%)49 (25.7%)
Overweight (25.0 - < 30.0)73 (29.4%)20 (22.5%)31 (30.4%)22 (38.6%)51 (26.7%)
Obese (30.0 - < 40.0)97 (39.1%)34 (38.2%)38 (37.3%)25 (43.9%)72 (37.7%)
Morbidly obese (40.0 ±)19 (7.7%)3 (3.4%)12 (11.8%)4 (7.0%)15 (7.9%)
Medical history
Heart failure106 (42.7%)41 (46.1%)49 (48.0%)16 (28.1%)0.03790 (47.1%)0.011
Systemic anticoagulant use99 (39.9%)43 (48.3%)40 (39.2%)16 (28.1%)0.05083 (43.5%)0.037
CIED device type0.0040.001
Pacemaker152 (61.3%)52 (58.4%)52 (51.0%)48 (84.2%)104 (54.5%)
CRT-P12 (4.8%)8 (9.0%)4 (3.9%)0 (0.0%)12 (6.3%)
ICD54 (21.8%)17 (9.1%)30 (29.4%)7 (12.3%)47 (24.6%)
S-ICD2 (0.8%)0 (0.0%)52 (51.0%)1 (1.8%)1 (0.5%)
CRT-D24 (9.7%)10 (11.2%)13 (12.7%)1 (1.8%)23 (12.0%)
N/A4 (1.6%) 2 (2.2%)2 (2.0%)0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)
CIED category0.0060.004
Low-powered 164 (66.1%)60 (67.4%)56 (54.9%)48 (84.2%)116 (60.7%)
High-powered 80 (32.3%)27 (30.3%)44 (43.1%)9 (5.8%)71 (37.2%)
N/A4 (1.6%)2 (2.2%)2 (2.0%)0 (0.0%)4 (2.1%)
Procedure type< 0.001< 0.001
De novo158 (63.7%)33 (20.9% de novo)68 (43.0% de novo)57 (36.1% de novo)101 (63.9% de novo)
Re-operative90 (36.3%)56 (62.2% re-op)34 (37.8% re-op)0 (0.0% re-op)90 (100% re-op)
Infection risk factors< 0.001< 0.001
0-165 (26.2%)14 (15.7%)22 (21.6%)29 (50.9%)36 (18.8%)
≥ 2183 (73.8%)75 (84.3%)80 (78.4%)28 (49.1%)155 (81.2%)
Hematoma (total)6 (2.4%)5 (5.6%)1 (1.0%)0 (0.0%)0.0466 (3.0%)0.176
Requiring intervention6 (2.4%)5 (5.6%)1 (1.0%)0 (0.0%)6 (3.0%)
Infection
Pocket infection1 (0.4%)1 (1.1%)0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)0.4081 (0.5%)0.584
Minor infection1 (0.4%)1 (1.1%)0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)0.4081 (0.5%)0.584