Copyright
©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Cardiol. Mar 26, 2022; 14(3): 177-186
Published online Mar 26, 2022. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i3.177
Published online Mar 26, 2022. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i3.177
Total | Biologic envelope | Non-biologic envelope | No envelope | 1P value | Any envelope | 2P value | |
(N = 248) | (n = 89) | (n = 102) | ( n = 57) | ( n = 191) | |||
Age (yr, mean ± SD) | 71.6 ± 13.3 | 73.6 ± 13.3 | 68.2 ± 14.0 | 74.9 ± 10.6 | 0.002 | 70.7 ± 14.0 | 0.017 |
BMI, mean ± SD | 29.9 ± 7.1 | 28.0 ± 6.2 | 31.0 ± 7.9 | 31.0 ± 6.3 | 0.008 | 29.6 ± 7.3 | 0.206 |
BMI category | 0.016 | 0.080 | |||||
Underweight (< 18.5) | 5 (2.0%) | 2 (2.2%) | 2 (2.0%) | 1 (1.8%) | 4 (2.1%) | ||
Normal (18.5 - < 25.0) | 54 (21.8%) | 30 (33.7%) | 19 (18.6%) | 5 (8.8%) | 49 (25.7%) | ||
Overweight (25.0 - < 30.0) | 73 (29.4%) | 20 (22.5%) | 31 (30.4%) | 22 (38.6%) | 51 (26.7%) | ||
Obese (30.0 - < 40.0) | 97 (39.1%) | 34 (38.2%) | 38 (37.3%) | 25 (43.9%) | 72 (37.7%) | ||
Morbidly obese (40.0 ±) | 19 (7.7%) | 3 (3.4%) | 12 (11.8%) | 4 (7.0%) | 15 (7.9%) | ||
Medical history | |||||||
Heart failure | 106 (42.7%) | 41 (46.1%) | 49 (48.0%) | 16 (28.1%) | 0.037 | 90 (47.1%) | 0.011 |
Systemic anticoagulant use | 99 (39.9%) | 43 (48.3%) | 40 (39.2%) | 16 (28.1%) | 0.050 | 83 (43.5%) | 0.037 |
CIED device type | 0.004 | 0.001 | |||||
Pacemaker | 152 (61.3%) | 52 (58.4%) | 52 (51.0%) | 48 (84.2%) | 104 (54.5%) | ||
CRT-P | 12 (4.8%) | 8 (9.0%) | 4 (3.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (6.3%) | ||
ICD | 54 (21.8%) | 17 (9.1%) | 30 (29.4%) | 7 (12.3%) | 47 (24.6%) | ||
S-ICD | 2 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 52 (51.0%) | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||
CRT-D | 24 (9.7%) | 10 (11.2%) | 13 (12.7%) | 1 (1.8%) | 23 (12.0%) | ||
N/A | 4 (1.6%) | 2 (2.2%) | 2 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
CIED category | 0.006 | 0.004 | |||||
Low-powered | 164 (66.1%) | 60 (67.4%) | 56 (54.9%) | 48 (84.2%) | 116 (60.7%) | ||
High-powered | 80 (32.3%) | 27 (30.3%) | 44 (43.1%) | 9 (5.8%) | 71 (37.2%) | ||
N/A | 4 (1.6%) | 2 (2.2%) | 2 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (2.1%) | ||
Procedure type | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
De novo | 158 (63.7%) | 33 (20.9% de novo) | 68 (43.0% de novo) | 57 (36.1% de novo) | 101 (63.9% de novo) | ||
Re-operative | 90 (36.3%) | 56 (62.2% re-op) | 34 (37.8% re-op) | 0 (0.0% re-op) | 90 (100% re-op) | ||
Infection risk factors | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
0-1 | 65 (26.2%) | 14 (15.7%) | 22 (21.6%) | 29 (50.9%) | 36 (18.8%) | ||
≥ 2 | 183 (73.8%) | 75 (84.3%) | 80 (78.4%) | 28 (49.1%) | 155 (81.2%) | ||
Hematoma (total) | 6 (2.4%) | 5 (5.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.046 | 6 (3.0%) | 0.176 |
Requiring intervention | 6 (2.4%) | 5 (5.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (3.0%) | ||
Infection | |||||||
Pocket infection | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.408 | 1 (0.5%) | 0.584 |
Minor infection | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.408 | 1 (0.5%) | 0.584 |
- Citation: Woodard DA, Kim G, Nilsson KR. Risk profiles and outcomes of patients receiving antibacterial cardiovascular implantable electronic device envelopes: A retrospective analysis. World J Cardiol 2022; 14(3): 177-186
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v14/i3/177.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v14.i3.177