Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in cryoballoon ablation outcomes for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

Characteristics	No ACEI / ARB	ACEI / ARB	P value
mean ± SD or n (%)	n = 61	n = 42
Age (yr)	59.9 ± 9.5	61.7 ± 8.6	0.32
Male	40 (65.6%)	33 (78.6%)	0.15
Baseline heart rate	70 ± 15.7	63 ± 17.8	0.06
Body mass index (kg/m2)	30.9 ± 76.6	32.3 ± 6.9	0.33
Coronary artery disease	6 (9.8%)	11 (26.2%)	0.028
Congestive heart failure	6 (9.8%)	9 (21.4%)	0.10
Diabetes mellitus	9 (14.8%)	12 (28.6%)	0.09
Hypertension	33 (54.1%)	36 (85.7%)	< 0.001
Valvular heart disease	25 (41.0%)	14 (33.3%)	0.43
Hyperlipidemia	40 (65.6%)	31 (73.8%)	0.37
CHA2DS2VASC score	1.5 ± 1.4	2.0 ± 1.3	0.08
Recurrence of AA	9 (14.8%)	10 (24.4%)	0.22

P value as calculated by t-test for continuous and χ² for categorical variables. SD: Standard deviation; AA: Atrial arrhythmia; ACE-I: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blockers.

Table 2 Multivariate adjusted Cox-proportional hazard model of atrial arrhythmia recurrence after cryoablation by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers

Outcome of interest	ACEI/ARB HR (95%CI)	No ACEI/ARB HR (95%CI)	P value
Recurrence of AA		Ref
Model 1a	1.78 (0.72, 4.42)	1.00	0.66
Model 2b	1.37 (0.51, 3.72)	1.00	0.72

^aModel 1 adjusted for age and sex.

^bModel 2 adjusted for model 1 + coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and valvular heart disease.

AA: Atrial arrhythmia; ACE-I: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blockers; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.