Effects of exercise training on diastolic and systolic dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure

Table 1 Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics of all chronic heart failure patients at the beginning of the study

Patients, n	32
Age1, yr	56 ± 10
Gender (Males/Females)	30/2
Height1, cm	178 ± 8
Body mass1, kg	93 ± 25
BMI1, kg/m2	29 ± 6
NYHA class (Ι/ΙΙ/ΙΙΙ)	3/21/ 8
LVEF1, %	32 ± 8
VO2peak1, mL/kg/min	19.4 ± 4.5
Etiology of CHF, n
Ischemic/Dilated/Other cardiomyopathy	20 / 10 / 2

¹Values are mean ± SD.

BMI: Body mass index; CHF: Chronic heart failure; LVEF: Ejection fraction of the left ventricle; NYHA: New York Heart Association; VO_2peak: Peak oxygen uptake.

Table 2 Values of the variables evaluated before and after the exercise training intervention

	Aerobic group		Combined group
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
VO2peak (ml/kg/min)	19.0 ± 5.5	22.2 ± 7.8a	19.8 ± 3.1	20.3 ± 2.9
Wpeak (watt)	111 ± 46	129 ± 48a	108 ± 31	131 ± 39a
E/A	1.15 ± 0.80	1.00 ± 0.41	0.83 ± 0.37	0.74 ± 0.20
LAVI (ml/m2)	38.83 ± 12.75	37.23 ± 11.78	38.55 ± 15.23	39.81 ± 21.91
E’ (cm/s)	8.00 ± 2.81	7.74 ± 1.97	7.45 ± 1.61	7.33 ± 1.74
E/E’	9.09 ± 4.06	8.76 ± 4.57	9.22 ± 2.63	8.15 ± 1.51
DTe (m/s)	220.65 ± 51.59	213.00 ± 38.08	205.07 ± 25.54	211.67 ± 27.41
RVSP (mmHg)	28.56 ± 7.65	28.23 ± 6.36	29.33 ± 8.10	27.20 ± 6.74a
EF (%)	34 ± 8	38 ± 9a	29 ± 6	33 ± 6a
DD grade 0/I/II/III (n)	1/9/4/3	3/10/3/1a	0/9/6/0	1/11/3/0

Values are mean ± SD.

^aP < 0.05, significant within-group difference.

DD: Diastolic dysfunction; DTe: Deceleration time of E wave; E': Mean value of the septal and lateral e' of TDI of the mitral annulus; Ε/Α: Ratio of the E and A waves of the transmitral inflow; E/E': Ratio of the E wave to E' wave; EF: Ejection fraction; LAVi: Left atrial volume index; RVSP: Right ventricular systolic pressure; VO_2peak: Peak oxygen uptake; W_peak: Peak workload.