Cardiogenic shock in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: Another area of sex disparity?

Table 1 Sex differences in the prevalence and risk profile

Ref.	Country	Prevalence of cardiogenic shock (%)		Mean age, yr		Hypertension (%)		Diabetes (%)		Prior myocardial infarction (%)		Prior percutaneous coronary intervention (%)		Smoking (%)
		Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women
Isorni et al[9]	France	4.8	8.2	68.9	80.2	57	80	31	44	21	18.5	21	13	25	7
Koeth et al[15]	Germany	9.3	12.9	68	76.3	37	45.3	25.2	39.1	25.6	19.9	13.2	6.7	36	17.9
Abdel-Qadir et al[16]	Canada	2.7	3.7	71.1	75.5	NA	NA	24.4	26.9	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Vallabhajosyula et al[8]	United States	NA	NA	82	83.5	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Vallabhajosyula et al[17]	United States	NA	NA	48.8	48.3	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wong et al[19]	United States, Canada	NA	NA	66.8	71.4	45.6	62.1	28.3	40.8	44.7	32	7.6	5.1	57.5	40.7
Fengler et al[20]	Germany	NA	NA	68	74	66	76	29	40	25	16	31	15	39	25
Gimenez et al[21]	Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Austria, France, Italy	NA	NA	67	75	58.3	66.7	30.3	39.4	18.5	11.3	20.2	14.4	29	18.1

NA: Not available.

Table 2 Sex differences in in-hospital procedures

Studies	Percutaneous coronary intervention (%)		Coronary artery bypass graft (%)		Mechanical circulatory support (%)
	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women
Isorni et al[9]	76.5	68.5	NA	NA	NA	NA
Koeth et al[15]	18	11	NA	NA	NA	NA
Abdel-Qadir et al[16]	14	10.6	4.3	2.3	NA	NA
Vallabhajosyula et al[8]	36.3	34.4	12	8.1	34.3	27.2
Vallabhajosyula et al[17]	64	59.2	20.1	18.3	59.2	50.3
Wong et al[19]	31.1	35.4	17.3	12.1	55.2	48.1
Fengler et al[20]	96.6	94.1	0.7	1.6	52	48
Gimenez et al[21]	100	100	-	-	28.6	27.2

NA: Not available.