Patent hemostasis of radial artery: Comparison of two methods

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Baseline characteristics	Control group (conventional hemostasis), n = 147	Oximetry – plethysmography group, n = 152	P value
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	61.5 ± 9.8	60.1 ± 11.6	0.2731
Male sex	109 (74.1)	115 (75.7)	0.7642
Body mass index (mean ± SD, kg/m2)			0.3432
Normal (18.5-24.9)	31 ± 21.1	35 ± 23
Overweight (25-29.9)	73 ± 49.7	63 ± 41.4
Obese (> 30)	43 ± 29.3	54 ± 35.5
Risk factors/Comorbidities, n (%)
Hypertension	89 (60.5)	92 (60.5)	0.9972
Diabetes mellitus	29 (19.7)	40 (26.3)	0.1762
Insulin	6 (20.7)	14 (35.0)	0.1963
Dyslipidemia	112 (76.2)	114 (75.0)	0.8112
Smoking	69 (46.9)	74 (48.7)	0.8502
History of coronary artery disease	46 (31.3)	52 (34.2)	0.5912
Supraventricular arrhythmia	39 (26.5)	20 (13.2)	0.0042
History of interventions, n (%)
Percutaneous coronary intervention	49 (33.3)	56 (36.8)	0.5252
Coronary artery bypass grafting	11 (7.5)	7 (4.6)	0.2963

¹Student’s t-test.

²Pearson’s χ².

³Fisher’s exact test.

Table 2 Procedural data of the study population

Procedural data	Control group (conventional hemostasis) (n = 147)	Oximetry – plethysmography group (n = 152)	P value
PCI, n (%)	44 (29.9)	58 (38.2)	0.1341
Primary PCI, n (%)	12 (8.2)	15 (9.9)	0.6071
Heparin dose, median (IQR)	5000 (5000-7000)	5000 (5000-7000)	0.1132
INR, mean ± SD	1.1 ± 0.3)	1.1 ± 0.3)	0.9583
Significant coronary artery lesions, n (%)
Left anterior descending artery	32 (21.8)	36 (23.7)	0.6931
Circumflex	10 (6.8)	12 (7.9)	0.7181
Right coronary artery	17 (11.6)	20 (13.2)	0.6761
Number of vessels4, n (%)			0.7073
PCI in 1 vessel (%)	35 (81.4)	50 (87.7)
PCI >1 vessels (%)	8 (18.6)	7 (12.3)
Hemostatic device			0.2231
Air chamber, n (%)	80 (54.4)	72 (47.4)
Valve with pressure plate, n (%)	67 (45.6)	80 (52.6)
Right hand, n (%)	104 (70.7)	115 (75.7)	0.3621
Left hand, n (%)	43 (29.3)	37 (24.3)
Puncture attempts, median (IQR)	1 (1-1)	1 (1-1)	0.3542
Puncture duration (min), median (IQR)	2.25 (1.42-3.3)	2.22 (1.44-3.37)	0.6602
Procedure time (min), median (IQR)	13 (8.4-27.3)	13.8 (9.2-26.9)	0.4482
Fluoro time (min), median (IQR)	3.1 (1.3-9.1)	3.4 (1.4-7.7)	0.6632
Sheath, n (%)			0.2573
5F	74 (50.3)	70 (46.1)
6F	73 (49.7)	79 (52.0)
7F	0 (0.0)	3 (2.0)
Patent hemostasis, n (%)	94 (68.1)	125 (82.2)	0.0051

¹Pearson’s χ².

²Mann-Whitney test.

³Fisher’s exact test.

⁴For those who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention.

INR: International normalized ratio; IQR: Interquartile range; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention.

Table 3 Coronary angiography complications between two hemostatic methods

Coronary angiography complications	Control group (Conventional Hemostasis)	Oximetry – plethysmography group	P value
Spasm	28 (19.0)	15 (9.9)	0.0241
Vagotonia	24 (16.3)	23 (15.1)	0.7771
Hematoma	25 (17.0)	15 (9.9)	0.0701
Hematoma diameter, median value (IQR)	0 (0 - 3)	0 (0 - 3)	0.4622
Bleeding	7 (4.8)	5 (3.3)	0.5171
Edema	26 (17.7)	29 (19.1)	0.7561
Local complication	18 (12.2)	24 (15.8)	0.3781
Pain	28 (19.0)	22 (14.4)	0.2891

¹Pearson’s χ².

²Mann-Whitney test.

Data are n (%)

Table 4 Patent radial artery by patient group

	Control group(conventional hemostasis)	Oximetry-plethysmography group	P value3
Patent radial artery
Day 11 (n = 299)	126 (85.7)	137 (90.1)	0.241
Day 301 (n = 206)	100 (94.3)	89 (89.0)	0.164
Day 302 (n = 204)	100 (92.6)	87 (90.6)	0.612

¹Evaluation with a Barbeau test.

²Evaluation with duplex ultrasonography.

³Pearson’s χ².

Data are n (%)

Table 5 Predictors of patent hemostasis

	OR (95%CI)	Ρ value
Patent hemostasis
Age (per 1 yr increase)	1.04 (1.01-1.07)	0.006
Control group (reference)
Oximetry-plethysmography group	2.35 (1.34-4.13)	0.003