Red blood cell distribution width: A marker of anisocytosis potentially associated with atrial fibrillation

Table 1 Summary and concise description of the studies

Authors	Study design	Study population	Endpoints	Outcome
Horne et al[19], 2010	Prospective	3927 patients undergoing coronary angiography, endpoints collected at 30-d and 1-yr	Risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and complications	RDW positively correlated with the frequency of incident AF
Providência et al[20], 2013	Cross-sectional	247 patients presenting with symptomatic AF	Association with outcomes of transesophageal echocardiography	High RDW associated with left atrial appendage thrombosis
Liu et al[21], 2014	Cross-sectional	133 patients with paroxysmal AF and 101 healthy controls	Difference between groups	High RDW independently associated with AF
Ertaş et al[22], 2013	Retrospective	132 patients undergoing nonemergency CABG	Risk of new-onset AF until hospital discharge	RDW independently predicted the risk of developing AF
Ertaş et al[23], 2013	Cross-sectional	126 patients with AF (39 with stroke and 87 without) and 126 healthy controls	Difference among groups	RDW significantly higher in patients with AF than in controls, but non different between AF patients with or without stroke
Kurt et al[24], 2014	Cross-sectional	320 patients with AF	Relationship with CHA2DS2-VASc score	High RDW independently associated with higher CHA2DS2-VASc score
Güngör et al[25], 2014	Cross-sectional	117 patients with AF and 60 health control subjects	Difference among groups	RDW significantly higher in AF patients than in controls
Adamsson Eryd et al[26], 2014	Prospective	27124 subjects free from AF at enrollment, followed-up for 13.6 yr	Risk of developing AF	RDW independently predicted the risk of developing AF
Sarikaya et al[27], 2014	Cross-sectional	126 hypertensive patients (63 with AF and 63 without)	Difference among groups	High RDW significantly associated with AF
Gurses et al[28], 2015	Prospective	299 AF patients undergoing cryoballoon-based ablation, followed-up for 24 mo	Outcome of cryoballoon-based ablation	RDW independently predicted the risk of recurrence and duration of AF
Korantzopoulos et al[29], 2015	Prospective	109 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery, followed-up throughout hospitalization	Risk of AF lasting > 5 min during hospitalization	RDW independently predicted the risk of postoperative AF
Wan et al[30], 2015	Prospective	300 patients with AF followed-up for a median up period of 3.2 yr	Risk of adverse clinical outcomes	RDW independently predicted the risk of major adverse events and death
Lee et al[31], 2015	Prospective	567 patients with newly diagnosed paroxysmal AF	Risk of adverse clinical outcomes	RDW independently predicted the risk of new-onset stroke, composite outcome and bleeding
Zhao et al[32], 2015	Cross-sectional	90 AF patients, 24 with evidence of left atrial thrombus (n = 11) or left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (n = 13)	Evidence of left atrial thrombus or left atrial spontaneous echo contrast	RDW associated with presence of left atrial thrombus or left atrial spontaneous echo contrast
Aksu et al[33], 2015	Prospective	49 patients with AF followed-up for 10 mo	Risk of AF recurrence	RDW predicted the risk of AF recurrence
Korantzopoulos et al[34], 2016	Cross-sectional	101 patients with sick sinus syndrome (32 with AF)	Difference between groups	High RDW independently associated with AF
Karataş et al[35], 2016	Retrospective	621 patients with myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention	Risk of new-onset AF throughout hospitalization	RDW independently predicted the risk of new-onset AF
Yanagisawa et al[36], 2016	Prospective	757 AF patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation followed-up for 22 mo	Risk of adverse clinical outcomes	RDW independently predicted the risk of recurrent AF and major adverse events
Vizzardi et al[37], 2016	Retrospective	232 patients with stable heart failure 1 yr after enrolment	Risk of adverse events 1 yr after enrolment	RDW independently predicted the risk of cardiovascular death and/or hospitalization for heart failure
Geçmen et al[38], 2016	Prospective	94 patients undergoing isolated on-pump CABG surgery followed-up until discharge from cardiovascular intensive care unit	Risk of postoperative AF	RDW independently predicted the risk postoperative AF
Zhang et al[39], 2017	Prospective	172 patients with nonvalvular AF undergoing catheter ablation, followed-up for 3 mo	Risk of bleeding	RDW predicted the risk of bleeding events
Al-Kindi et al[40], 2017	Retrospective	46720 patients with a diagnosis of HIV infection followed-up for development of cardiovascular complications	Risk of cardiovascular complications	RDW independently predicted the risk of AF
Liu et al[41], 2017	Cross-sectional	99 patients with AF, categorized according to their CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores	Association with risk of stroke	High RDW independently associated with higher CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores
Saliba et al[42], 2017	Retrospective	69412 patients with AF	Risk of death 2 yr after study entry	RDW independently predicted the risk of death; persistently increased RDW values at two time points stronger predictors of death than a single increased RDW value
Kaya et al[43], 2017	Cross-sectional	619 patients with AF (325 with left atrial stasis and 294 without)	Association with left atrial stasis	High RDW independently associated with left atrial stasis
Cha et al[44], 2017	Retrospective	5082 patients with AF	Risk of thromboembolic events during 5.2 yr	High peak RDW value during follow-up independently associated with the risk of thromboembolic events
Nam et al[45], 2017	Cross-sectional	103 healthy control subjects and 117 patients with AF patients, 65 of whom with paroxysmal and 52 with persistent AF	Difference among groups	RDW values non significantly different between controls and all AF cases; RDW values significantly higher in patients with persistent than in those with paroxysmal AF
Wasilewski et al[46], 2017	Retrospective	1734 patients with LVEF ≤ 35% and without ACS	Risk of AF after 660 d	High RDW independently predicted the risk of AF
Kilicgedik et al[48], 2018	Retrospective	358 patients after who underwent CABG surgery (57 with PSAF and 301 patients with non-PSAF)	Risk of AF after CABG surgery	High RDW was predictive of PSAF
Cerşit et al[47], 2018	Retrospective	50 patients with AF and 62 age- and sex- matched controls, who had presented with ACS	Association and predictive value of RDW with AF in patients with ACS.	High RDW was associated with AF and had long-term predictive value
Ozsin et al[49], 2018	Retrospective	93 patients who underwent off-pump CABG (24 patients with PSAF and 69 without PSAF)	Association and predictive value of RDW for development PSAF	Elevated RDW levels may be predictive of PSAF
Pilling et al[50], 2018	Prospective	240477 healthy UK Biobank study volunteers aged 40 ± 70 yr at baseline (follow-up ≤ 9 yr)	Association of RDW with AF in healthy subjects.	High RDW was associated with AF and had long-term predictive value
Han et al[51], 2019	Cross-sectional	303 patients with nonvalvular AF living at low altitude (3.5 m above the sea level) and high altitude (2260 m above the sea level).	Association of RDW with AF in subjects living at low and high altitude.	Elevated RDW levels were an independent risk marker for AF and is affected by type of AF and altitude
Jurin et al[52], 2019	Prospective	579 patients with AF (non-permanent and permanent AF ), with a median follow-up time of 21 mo	Association of RDW values with progression to permanent AF	RDW was independently associated with AF progression
Li et al[53], 2019	Cross-sectional	106998 Chinese individuals	Relationship between RDW and AF	Elevated RDW is significantly related to higher prevalence of AF in a general Chinese population

AF: Atrial fibrillation; RDW: Red blood cell distribution width; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG: Coronary artery bypass graft; ACS: Acute coronary syndrome; PSAF: Post-surgery atrial fibrillation.