Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors for hypertension

Figure 1 Schematic structure of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor protein isoforms. A/B, C, D, and E/F indicate the N-terminal A/B domain containing a ligand-independent AF-1, the DBD, the hinge region, and the C-terminal LBD containing AF-2, respectively. AF-1 is responsible for phosphorylation, while AF-2 promotes the recruitment of co-activators for gene transcription. PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; AF-1: Activation function-1; DBD: DNA-binding domain; HD: Hinge domain; LBD: Ligand-binding domain. Figure adapted from reference[8].

Figure 2 Domain structure of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ isoforms. PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Figure adapted from reference[8].

Figure 3 Possible mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-agonist-mediated transcriptional suppression of the Ang-II type 1 receptor gene promoter. PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; AT1R: Ang-II type 1 receptor; CBP: CERB-binding protein; MAP: Mitogen-activated protein. Figure adapted from reference[71].

Figure 4 Possible effects of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists. PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; AT1R: Ang-II type 1 receptor; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; TX: Thromboxane; TXS: TX synthase; TXR: TX receptor; VSMC: Vascular smooth muscle cells; DM: Diabetes mellitus. Table adapted from reference[71].