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World J Cardiol. Sep 26, 2013; 5(9): 337-346
Published online Sep 26, 2013. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v5.i9.337
Published online Sep 26, 2013. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v5.i9.337
Figure 1 Potential mechanisms for cardiovascular effects of vitamin D deficiency.
The data were modified from References 51, 52, and 54. RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; BP: Blood pressure; LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL-6: Interleukin-6; VSMCs: Vascular smooth muscle cells; DM: Diabetes mellitus; MetS: Metabolic syndrome; CV: Cardiovascular.
- Citation: Ku YC, Liu ME, Ku CS, Liu TY, Lin SL. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease. World J Cardiol 2013; 5(9): 337-346
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v5/i9/337.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v5.i9.337