Coronary-cameral fistulas in adults: Acquired types (second of two parts)

Figure 1 Flow diagram of literature search of coronary cameral fistulas in adult population.

Figure 2 Schematic representation of review subjects with congenital and acquired coronary-cameral fistulas. ICD: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; RF: Radiofrequency.

Figure 3 Schematic examples of some of the conditions, procedures and attributes involved in the development of (A) acquired traumatic iatrogenic and (B) acquired traumatic accidental coronary-cameral fistulas. A: 1: Surgical scalpel; 2: Radiofrequency cardio-ablation (arrow heads), and transseptal puncture (arrow); 3: ICD lead (arrows); and 4: Pacing leads; B: 1 Soccer game; 2 Boxing; 3: Shrapnel; and 4: Knife. CS: Coronary sinus; ICD: Internal cardioverter defibrillator; IVC: Inferior vena cava; LA: Left atrium; LIPV: Left inferior pulmonary vein; LSPV: Left superior pulmonary vein; RA: Right atrium; RAA: Right atrial appendage; RIPV: Right inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV: Right superior pulmonary vein; RV: Right ventricular; SVC: Superior vena cava.