Therapeutic use of music listening in patients undergoing invasive coronary procedures: A meta-analysis

Figure 1  Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis flowchart summarizing results of the literature search.

Figure 2 Effect of music therapy on anxiety. A: Forest plot of anxiety at any time; B: Forest plot of pre-procedural anxiety; C: Forest plot of post-procedural anxiety.

Figure 3 Effect of music therapy on systolic blood pressure. A: Forest plot of systolic blood pressure (BP) at any time; B: Forest plot of pre-procedural systolic BP; C: Forest plot of procedural systolic BP; D: Forest plot of post-procedural systolic BP.

Figure 4 Effect of music therapy on diastolic blood pressure. A: Forest plot of diastolic blood pressure (BP) at any time; B: Forest plot of pre-procedural diastolic BP; C: Forest plot of procedural diastolic BP; D: Forest plot of post-procedural diastolic BP.

Figure 5 Effect of music therapy on heart rate. A: Forest plot of heart rate (HR) at any time; B: Forest plot of pre-procedural HR; C: Forest plot of procedural HR; D: Forest plot of post-procedural HR.

Figure 6 Effect of music therapy on respiratory rate. A: Forest plot of respiratory rate (RR) at any time; B: Forest plot of pre-procedural RR; C: Forest plot of post-procedural RR.

Figure 7  Forest plot of post-procedural pain.

Figure 8  Central illustration summarizing the findings of our meta-analysis.