Predictive value of the systemic immune inflammation index in recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation

Figure 1 Plausible role of inflammation as key component of pathophysiological processes leading to AF development and recurrence. AF: Atrial fibrillation; CBBA: Cryo-balloon-based ablation; CRP: C-reactive protein; CV: Cruciferous vegetables; DM: Diabetes mellitus; ECM: Extracellular matrix; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; GDF: Growth differential factor; IL: Interleukin; Gal-3: Galectin-3; MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RANKL: Receptor activator of the NF-kappa B ligand; RFCA: Radiofrequency catheter ablation; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index; SST2: Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2; TIMMPs: Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases; TGF-beta: Transforming growth factor-beta; TNF: Tumour necrosis factor.