Interest of thoracic ultrasound after cardiac surgery or interventional cardiology

Figure 1 Diaphragmatic motion recorded by M-mode ultrasonography during quiet breathing d: Measurement of diaphragm excursion = 1. 6 cm.

Figure 2 Measurement of thickening fraction using B mode ultrasonography. A: End of expiration (1.7 mm); B: End of maximal inspiration (3.8 mm). Measurement of diaphragm thickness at expiration (1.7 mm), and at deep inspiration (3.8 mm) – here thickening fraction = (3.8–1.7)/ 1.7 = 123%.

Figure 3 Diaphragmatic motion recorded by M-mode ultrasonography during voluntary sniffing. A: Normal motion; B: Paradoxical movement (arrow) in patient with hemidiaphragm paralysis.