Cardiovascular benefits from SGLT2 inhibition in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is not impaired with phosphate flux related to pharmacotherapy

Figure 1 Glycosuria mediated from sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition. Adapted from OpenStax College, which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. SGLT2: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2.

Figure 2 Glycosuria mediated from sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition. Adapted from Servier Medical Art, which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. PT: Proximal tubule; SGLT2i: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.

Figure 3 Examples of deleterious cardiovascular pathways associated with hyperphosphatemia and reactive oxygen species. Adapted from Servier Medical Art, which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. ROS: Reactive oxygen species; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-B.