New insights into sodium transport regulation in the distal nephron: Role of G-protein coupled receptors

Table 1 Recapitulation of the G-protein coupled receptors families present in the the distal nephron

Receptors	G-proteins	Cell location	Final effector	Effect on Na+ transport
Vasopressin receptor (V2R)	Gs	Basolateral	Na, K-ATPase - AQP2 - NKCC2 - NCC - ENaC	Increase
Angiotensin II receptors (AT)	Gq/11	Apical/basolateral	Na, K-ATPase - NKCC2 - NCC - ENaC - pendrin	Increase
Bradykinin receptor (B2R)	Gq	Basolateral	Na, K-ATPase - NKCC2 - NCC - ENaC (??)	Decrease
Endothelin receptors (ETA-ETB)	Gi, Gq, Gs, Gα12/13	Apical/basolateral	NKCC2 - ENaC - pendrin	Decrease
α-adrenergic receptor (α-AR)	Gi - Gq/11	Basolateral	Na, K-ATPase (?) - NKCC2 - ENaC	Increase (α1-AR)
				Decrease (α2-AR)
β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR)	Gs	Apical/basolateral	NKCC2 - NCC - ENaC - pendrin	Increase
Prostanoïd receptors	Gs– Gi	Apical/basolateral	NKCC2 - ENaC - pendrin	Decrease (PGE2)
				Increase
Dopamine receptors	Gs– Gi	Basolateral	Na, K-ATPase	Decrease
Proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)	Gq/11	Basolateral	Na, K-ATPase - NKCC2 - ENaC - pendrin/NDCBE	Increase
Sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor	G12/13 - Gi- Gq	?	ENaC	Decrease
Nucleotide-like receptors (P2X-P2Y)	Gq (P2X) Gi (P2Y)	Apical/basolateral	NKCC2 (?) - NCC - ENaC	Decrease
Oxaloacetate receptor (OXGR1)	Gq	Apical	Pendrin/NDCBE	Increase

NDBCE: Na⁺-driven bicarbonate/Cl^- exchanger; OXGR1: 2-oxoglutarate receptor 1; NKCC2: Na/K/2Cl.