Changes in aminoacidergic and monoaminergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus and amygdala of rats after ayahuasca ingestion

Figure 1 Alterations in amino acid concentrations in ayahuasca-treated rats. Hippocampus (A) and Amygdale (B). The bars represent mean ± SD of amino acid concentration. ASP: Aspartate; GLU: Glutamate; GLN: Glutamine; GLY: Glycine; TAU: Taurine; GABA: γ-aminobutyruc acid. Analysis of variance followed by Scheffé test and ^aP < 0.05 vs saline.

Figure 2 Alterations in monoamine concentrations of ayahuasca-treated rats. Hippocampus (A) and Amygdale (B). The bars represent mean ± SD. Amino acid concentration: NA (NE): Norepinephrine; DA: Dopamine; 5HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine. Analysis of variance followed by Scheffe test and ^aP < 0.05 vs saline.

Figure 3 Utilization rate of monoamines. Hippocampus (A) and Amygdale (B). The utilization rate was estimated as a ratio between metabolite/ neurotransmitter concentrations: VMA: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy mandelic acid; NA: Norepinephrine; DA: Dopamine; 5HIAA: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; HVA: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylacetic acid; 5HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine. The bars represent mean ± SD of ratio. The results were evaluated by Analysis of variance followed by Scheffé test. (^aP < 0.05 vs saline).