Recent advances in the management of rectal cancer: No surgery, minimal surgery or minimally invasive surgery

Table 1 Publications of “no surgery” for rectal cancer including minimum 20 patients in their study (2006-2016)

Ref.	No. of patients	Local recurrence (%)	Systemic recurrence	%undergoing salvage surgery	Disease free survival	Overall survival %
Habr-Gama et al[23]	90 (183)	28/90	14%	93	68	91 at 5 yr
Maas et al[24]	21	1/21	0	100	93	91 at 2 yr
Smith et al[25]	32	6/32	3/32	NA	88	96 at 2 yr
Araujo et al[26]	42	5/42	7/42	80	60.9	71.6 at 5 yr
Renehan et al[35]	129	44/129	3	36/41	88	96 at 3 yr

NA: Not reported.

Table 2 Publications of transanal minimal invasive surgery for early rectal cancer including minimum 15 patients with invasive adenocarcinoma in their study (2010-2016)

Ref.	No. of patients (# with cancer)	Distant from AV	Duration of surgery (min)	Length of stay (d)	Complications (%)	Positive margin: Local recurrence (%)
Albert et al[47]	50 (23)	8.1 cm	? NA	0.6	6	6:4
McLemore et al[57]	32 (16)	NA	123	2.5	15	NA
Hahnloser et al[51]	75 (38)	6.4	77	3.4	19	NA
Gill et al[58]	32 (21)	7.5	131	1.1	6	NA
Rega et al[59]	55 (26)	NA	78	NA	4	?9
Keller et al[49]	75 (17)	10	76	1	4	7:1
Quaresima et al[55]	31 (17)	NA	NA	3	9.6	3 (3)

NA: Not reported.