Five-year outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as a primary procedure for morbid obesity: A prospective study

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics and general data of the series

Number of patients	156
Age1 (yr)	43.2 ± 13.2 (16-71)
Gender (Female/male)	116/40
BMI1 (kg/m2)	41.5 ± 7.9
BMI < 40 kg/m2	70 (44.9)
BMI 40-50 kg/m2	71 (45.5)
BMI > 50 kg/m2	15 (9.6)
Comorbidity
HTA	39 (25)
Diabetes	12 (7.6)
Obstructive sleep apnea (with CPAP)	21 (13.4)
Other	67 (42.9)
Operating time1 (min)	95 ± 14.1 (65-155)
Hospital stay1 (d)	3.5 ± 0.7 (1-18)
Follow-up1 (mo)	32.7 ± 28.5 (6-112)

¹Data are frequency counts (percentage of total) or the mean ± SD plus range in parentheses. BMI: Body mass index; HTA: Arterial hypertension; CPAP: Continuous positive airway pressure.

Table 2 Mortality, early and late complications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy n (%)

Mortality	0
Total 30-d complications	8 (5.1)
Staple line leakage	2 (1.2)
Staple line haemorrhage	1 (0.6)
Wound infection	2 (1.2)
Pneumonia	1 (0.6)
Cutaneous rash	1 (0.6)
Urethral bleeding	1 (0.6)
Late complications
Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux	24 (15.3)
Hiatal hernia needing laparoscopic repair	1 (0.6)
Gastric stricture – conversion to gastric by-pass	1 (0.6)
Symptomatic cholelithiasis	7 (4.4)

Data are frequency counts (percentage of total).

Table 3 Weight loss results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy over time

Follow-up	Preoperative	1 yr	2 yr	3 yr	4 yr	5 yr
n	156	140	99	66	56	51
BMI1	41.5 ± 7.9	26.6 ± 4.4	26.3 ± 3.7	27.2 ± 5.8	28.7 ± 5.5	30.1 ± 6.1
%EWL1		82.0 ± 18.8	86.1 ± 28.9	76.7 ± 21.3	72.8 ± 22.6	60.3 ± 28.9
%EBMIL1		94.9 ± 22.4	93.7 ± 23.5	89.4 ± 27.4	81.1 ± 28.3	74.8 ± 29.4

¹Data are frequency counts (total) or the mean ± SD. BMI: Body mass index; %EWL: Percentage of excess weight loss; %EBMIL: Percentage of excess body mass index loss.

Table 4 Long-term weight loss outcome of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity

Author	Year	Patients with 5-yr follow-up	Mean initial BMI (kg/m2)	%EWL 1 yr	%EWL 5 yr	%EBMIL 1 yr	%EBMIL 5 yr
Bohdjalian[26]	2010	26	48.2 ± 1.3	57.5 ± 4.5	55.0 ± 6.8
Himpens[27]	2010	30	39		53.3
D’Hondt[28]	2011	83	39.3	78.5	54.4
Braghetto[29]	2012	60	38.4 ± 5.1	57.3	57.3
Sarela[30]	2012	13	45.9	76	69 (8 yr)
Rawlins[31]	2013	49	65	56	85.8		91
Sieber[32]	2014	62	43.0 ± 8.0			61.5 ± 23.4	57.4 ± 24.7
Boza[33]	2014	112	34.9	88	62.9
Liu[34]	2015	44	41.0 ± 7.0	70.5	57.2
Lemanu[35]	2015	55	50.7	56	40
Pok[36]	2015	61	37.3 ± 8.1	76.5	72.6
Alexandrou[37]	2015	30	55.5 ± 1.7	65.2 ± 6.1	56.4 ± 5.8
Perrone[38]	2016	162	47.4 ± 4.2			75.1 ± 18.9	78.8 ± 23.5
Hoyuela	2016	51	41.5 ± 7.9	82.0 ± 18.8	60.3 ± 28.9	94.9 ± 22.4	74.8 ± 29.4

BMI: Body mass index; %EWL: Percentage of excess weight loss; %EBMIL: Percentage of excess body mass index loss.