Contemporary review of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 1 Laparoscopic procedures

Ref.	Year	Robotic, open, Lap, or RAL	No. of patients	Age of patients	BMI of patients	ASA classification	EBL (mL)	Transfusion (#)	Op time (min)	Conversion (#)	Overall complications (# of patients)	Panc fistula	Length of stay	Postop death
Asbun et al[19]	2012	Lap	53	62.9 ± 14.14	27.64 ± 7.16	2.73	1951± 136	91	5411± 88	Counted as open	13	7	81± 3.2	3
Dulucq et al[21]	2006	Lap	25	62 ± 14	NR	1.39 ± 0.5	107 ± 48	3	2871± 44	3	7	1	16.2 ± 2.7	1
Kendrick et al[22]	2010	Lap	62	66 ± 12	26	3	240	NR	368	3	11	NR	7	1
Palanivelu et al[23]	2007	Lap	42	61	NR	Only I and II	65	NR	370	0	8	3	10.2	1
Pugliese et al[20]	2008	Lap	19	64 ± 12	< 35	2.3	180 ± 55	0	461 ± 90	6	6	3	18 ± 7	0
Zureikat et al[16]	2011	Lap	14	69.8 ± 10.2	28.5	2.64	300	4	4561	2	9	5	8	1

¹Indicates statistically significant compared to open procedures. RAL: Robotic assisted laparoscopy; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification; EBL: Estimated blood loss; NR: Not reported.

Table 2 Robotic procedures

Ref.	Year	Robotic, open, Lap, or RAL	No. of patients	Age of Patients	BMI of patients	ASA classification	EBL (mL)	Transfusion (#)	Op time (min)	Conversion (#)	Overall complications (# of patients)	Panc fistula	Length of stay	Postop death
Boggi et al[28]	2013	Robotic	34	60	24.4	2.29	220	4	597	0	19	13	23	0
Buchs et al[29]	2011	Robotic	44	63 ± 14.5	27.7 ± 5.4	2.5 ± 0.5	3871± 334	101	4441± 93.5	2	161	8	131± 7.5	2
Chan et al[31]	2011	Robotic	8	71.5	NR	NR	200	NR	478	1	5	3	12	0
Zhou et al[30]	2011	Robotic	8	64.4 ± 9.1	NR	NR	153.81± 43.4	NR	718.81± 186.7	0	21	NR	16.381± 4.1	0

¹Indicates statistically significant compared to open procedures. RAL: Robotic assisted laparoscopy; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification; EBL: Estimated blood loss; NR: Not reported.

Table 3 Robotic assisted procedures

Ref.	Year	Robotic, open, Lap, or RAL	No. of patients	Age of Patients	BMI of patients	ASA classification	EBL (mL)	Transfusion (#)	Op time (min)	Conversion (#)	Overall complications (# of patients)	Panc fistula	Length of stay	Postop death
Chalikonda et al[32]	2012	RAL	30	62	24.8	2.6	485	NR	4761	3	9	2	9.791	1
Giulianotti et al[33]	2010	RAL	60	58	NR	NR	394	6	421	11	No PD only	19	22	2
Kuroki et al[34]	2012	RAL	20	71.2 ± 8.8	21.9	1.5 ± 0.6	376.6 ± 291.41	01	656.6 ± 191.4	NR	9	12	NR	NR
Lai et al[35]	2012	RAL	132	66.4 ± 11.9	NR	1.8	2471	NR	491.51± 94	1	10	7	13.71± 6.1	0
Zeh et al[36]	2012	RAL	50	68 ± 16	27 ± 5	2.6	3501	11	5681	8	28	11	101	1

¹Indicates statistically significant compared to open procedures. RAL: Robotic assisted laparoscopy; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification; EBL: Estimated blood loss; NR: Not reported; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy.